Chapter 19
Updates, Conclusions,
and Recommendations for “Quality
of Water Resources in Poland”
Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Martina Zelenakova, and Abdelazim M. Negm
Abstract This volume discusses current problems and research topics carried out
by scientists dealing with the state and quality of water resources in Poland. Based
on many years of research conducted by authors from various scientific centers from
all over Poland, the main conclusions and recommendations are presented, which
are included in the chapters presented in the book. First, the general state of surface
and underground water resources, their quality and possibilities of water resources
protection were discussed. Then, the book focuses on water quality and its changes as
a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. The next part of the study is devoted to
water and sewage infrastructure and water management in urban areas. This volume
highlights the problems of sustainable use of water resources for the needs of human
activities.
Keywords Water quality · Pollution · Eutrophication · Assessment indicators ·
Poland
19.1 Introduction
Water resources comprise an integral element of the natural environment in which
man plays an important role. As a result of the influence of natural and anthropogenic
factors, the quality of water resources may change. Knowledge of the quality of waters
is the basis for taking action to improve them and protect against pollution. Pollution
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka
Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Faculty of Earth
Sciences and Spatial Management, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toru´ n, Poland
M. Zelenakova
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Technical University of Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
e-mail: martina.zelenakova@tuke.sk
A. M. Negm (B)
Water and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
e-mail: amnegm@zu.edu.eg
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. Zeleˇ náková et al. (eds.), Quality of Water Resources in Poland, Springer Water,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64892-3_19
453
Updates, Conclusions,
and Recommendations for “Quality
of Water Resources in Poland”
Katarzyna Kubiak-Wójcicka, Martina Zelenakova, and Abdelazim M. Negm
Abstract This volume discusses current problems and research topics carried out
by scientists dealing with the state and quality of water resources in Poland. Based
on many years of research conducted by authors from various scientific centers from
all over Poland, the main conclusions and recommendations are presented, which
are included in the chapters presented in the book. First, the general state of surface
and underground water resources, their quality and possibilities of water resources
protection were discussed. Then, the book focuses on water quality and its changes as
a result of natural and anthropogenic factors. The next part of the study is devoted to
water and sewage infrastructure and water management in urban areas. This volume
highlights the problems of sustainable use of water resources for the needs of human
activities.
Keywords Water quality · Pollution · Eutrophication · Assessment indicators ·
Poland
19.1 Introduction
Water resources comprise an integral element of the natural environment in which
man plays an important role. As a result of the influence of natural and anthropogenic
factors, the quality of water resources may change. Knowledge of the quality of waters
is the basis for taking action to improve them and protect against pollution. Pollution
K. Kubiak-Wójcicka
Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Faculty of Earth
Sciences and Spatial Management, Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toru´ n, Poland
M. Zelenakova
Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering,
Technical University of Kosice, Košice, Slovakia
e-mail: martina.zelenakova@tuke.sk
A. M. Negm (B)
Water and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering,
Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
e-mail: amnegm@zu.edu.eg
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
M. Zeleˇ náková et al. (eds.), Quality of Water Resources in Poland, Springer Water,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64892-3_19
453