15 Monitoring of Small Catchments in …
353
Fig. 15.5 River gauges on the Struga Toru´ nska: Lipowiec (left) and Koniczynka (right) (Photo M.
Kejna)
2000 onwards electronic recorders were introduced. Flow rates are measured every
month using a current meter.
The chemical analysis of the water in the Struga Toru´ nska was performed by
the Provincial Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Bydgoscz on monthly
samples collected at Lipowiec (since 1996) and Koniczynka (since 1993). The
following elements are analysed: water temperature; electrolytic conductivity; pH
value; dissolved oxygen; BOD5; and the content of hydrocarbons, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonia nitrogen, chlorides, sulphates, total phosphorus, phosphates, total suspended matter, silica, dissolved organic carbon (DOC),
total aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, iron, zinc, nickel, arsenic and
chromium.
15.4 The Variability of Climate Conditions at Koniczynka
Variability is an inherent characteristic of the global climate. It is caused by a number
of factors related to astronomy, radiation, circulation, geography, ecology, and anthropogeny [18]. More recently, the influence of man has been increasingly stressed in
research into climate change [19, 20–22].
In the analysed period (1994–2017), climate conditions were observed to vary
considerably (Table 15.1). Sunshine duration at Koniczynka, registered from 1997,
averaged at 1,635.7 hours in 1997–2017, which is a typical value for the whole of
Poland [23]. However, the sunshine duration observed in the analysed period revealed
a statistically significant positive trend (+97.7 h/10 years). In the annual course, the
least sunshine was observed from November to January, with a minimum of 23.6 h
in December. That was connected with a maximum cloud cover at the time, but also
with the shortest duration of daytime. The period with the most sunshine (over 200 h
per month) was from May to August, with a maximum of 239.2 h in May (Fig. 15.6).
That was when the day was long, and there was relatively low cloudiness.
353
Fig. 15.5 River gauges on the Struga Toru´ nska: Lipowiec (left) and Koniczynka (right) (Photo M.
Kejna)
2000 onwards electronic recorders were introduced. Flow rates are measured every
month using a current meter.
The chemical analysis of the water in the Struga Toru´ nska was performed by
the Provincial Inspectorate of Environmental Protection in Bydgoscz on monthly
samples collected at Lipowiec (since 1996) and Koniczynka (since 1993). The
following elements are analysed: water temperature; electrolytic conductivity; pH
value; dissolved oxygen; BOD5; and the content of hydrocarbons, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonia nitrogen, chlorides, sulphates, total phosphorus, phosphates, total suspended matter, silica, dissolved organic carbon (DOC),
total aluminium, cadmium, copper, lead, manganese, iron, zinc, nickel, arsenic and
chromium.
15.4 The Variability of Climate Conditions at Koniczynka
Variability is an inherent characteristic of the global climate. It is caused by a number
of factors related to astronomy, radiation, circulation, geography, ecology, and anthropogeny [18]. More recently, the influence of man has been increasingly stressed in
research into climate change [19, 20–22].
In the analysed period (1994–2017), climate conditions were observed to vary
considerably (Table 15.1). Sunshine duration at Koniczynka, registered from 1997,
averaged at 1,635.7 hours in 1997–2017, which is a typical value for the whole of
Poland [23]. However, the sunshine duration observed in the analysed period revealed
a statistically significant positive trend (+97.7 h/10 years). In the annual course, the
least sunshine was observed from November to January, with a minimum of 23.6 h
in December. That was connected with a maximum cloud cover at the time, but also
with the shortest duration of daytime. The period with the most sunshine (over 200 h
per month) was from May to August, with a maximum of 239.2 h in May (Fig. 15.6).
That was when the day was long, and there was relatively low cloudiness.