14 Surface Water Eutrophication in Poland: Assessment and Prevention
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Table 14.5 Traditional indicators of eutrophication and their reference values according to different
authors (on the base of [12, 23, 33–36])
Criterion
Trophic state
Author
Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Eutrophic Hypertrophic
1
2
3
4
5
6
Chlorophylla concentration,
Chl a, µg/dm 3
0.1–1.0
1–10
10–100
>100
Vinberg
<4.3
4.3–8.8
>8.8
–
Dobsonetal
<2.5
2–6
>6
–
Rast
<1.5
1.5–10
10–50
>50
Trifinova
<3.0
3–8
8–20
>20
Milius, Kyvasik
0.1–1.0
1.10
>10
–
Bulion
<4.0
4–10
10–100
>100
Hendrson-Selers
<3
3.0–7.0
7.0–40.0 >400
Foresberg, Ryding
<3
2.0–15
10–100
–
Likens
0.3–3.0
4.0–10
10–100
>100
Welch
0–4.0
5.0–20
20–100
>100
Sladecek
<2.5
2.5–8.0
8.0–25
>25
OECD
<2.9
2.9–5.6
>5.6
–
Chapry and Dobson
<3.5
3.5–9.0
9.0–25.0 >25
Nurnberg
<4.0
4.0–10.0
10–25
>25
ForsbergaiRydinga
0.82–2.0
2.0–5.0
5.0–12.0 >31
Burns
<2
2–5
>5
–
Dillon i Rigler
<2
2–5
5–30
>30
Vant
<0.95
2.6–7.3
20–56
56–155
Carlson
<2.0
6.0
19.0
>24
Moss
Secchi disc
transparency,
H sc , m
>4
2–3
<
–
Gantrbland
11–6
6–2
<1
–
Thunmark
>5
5–3
<2
–
Aberg, Roch
>4
4–1
<3
–
Kitajev
>6
6–3
<1
–
Hendersen-Selers
9.9
4.2–2.4
<3
–
Vollenweider
6.4
8–2
<1
–
Carlson
>5
5–3
2.0–0.5
–
Chapry and Dobson
>4
2–4
<3
<1
Nurnberg
15–7.0
7.0–2.8
1–2
<0.4
Burnsa
>5
5–2
2.8–1.1
–
Dillona i Riglera
(continued)