11 Monitoring of Groundwater Quality in Poland
243
II/1716/1 II/373/1
II/1178/1 II/1779/1 I/33/1
I/40/2
I/181/1
I/250/2
II/525/1
I/640/2
II/1082/1 II/1144/1 II/1666
PIPER DIAGRAM
100
100
100
100
100
100
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
SO4 + Cl
Ca + Mg
Mg
SO4
Cl
Ca
Na + K
CO3 + HCO3
CATION
ANION
2017 Pg+Ng
Fig. 11.5 Chemical composition of Paleogene and Neogene Aquifer in the Piper diagram (own
elaboration based on Polish Geological Institute—National Research Institute data)
have been selected for the characterisation of groundwater chemical composition
(Table 11.3).
The groundwater of the Cretaceous aquifer level is ordinary water, mainly of the
HCO 3 –Ca type, low-mineralised and of a good chemical status belonging to the
quality class II and III. Unlike the groundwater of the Quaternary or Paleogene and
Neogene aquifer level, it contains small concentrations of Fe and Mn ions and requires
only simple treatment. In several observation wells of a great depth exceeding 200 m,
multi-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –SO 4 –Ca–Na type (observation well number I/911/4,
II/1776/1) and HCO 3 –Ca–Mg–Na type (observation well number I/257/1) have been