242
I. Jamorska
which alter the type of this water are sulphate and chloride ions, the concentrations
of which are much higher than admissible in potable water.
Such high concentrations of sulphates have been recorded in the well number
II/1526/1 amounting up to 640 mg/dm
3 occur pointwise. In the remaining area,
their concentration values range from 6,4 (well number I/828/3) to 113 mg/dm
3
(well number II/314/1). The chloride concentrations range from 6,83 (well number
I/745/3) to 92 mg/dm
3 (well number I/1526/1). The observation well number II/527/1
with the highest concentration of this ion on the level of 640 mg/dm
3 is located
in the broad lowland (groundwater body number 43 in Table 11.1). Such a high
result is a consequence of salt diapirs occurring in the soil. The maximum and
minimum concentration thresholds of particular ions from the observation wells of
the Quaternary aquifer level have been presented in Table 11.1.
11.3.2 Palaeogene and Neogene Aquifer
In the Palaeogene and Neogene aquifer level two-ionic waters of the HCO 3 -Ca type
belonging mainly to the quality class II prevail (Table 11.2). The occurrence of
multi-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –Cl–Na–Ca, HCO–SO–Ca–Mg and Cl–HCO 3 –Na
types have been reported in the Masovian voivodeship (observation well number
I/40/2), Lower Silesian voivodeship (observation well number II/1178/1) and Lubusz
voivodeship (observation well number II/1144/1). These are waters belonging to the
quality classes IV and V, in which the following ions Cl, Na, NH 4 and Fe exceed the
quality standards for drinking water. The occurrence range of the remaining major
ions has been presented in the Piper diagram (Fig. 11.5).
On the territory of Poland in the Paleogene and Neogene aquifer, sulphate ions
generally occur in concentrations ranging from 0,5 to 30 mg/dm
3 . The highest values
of concentration at 149 mg/dm
3 have been recorded in the observation well number
II/1144/1 located in the Lubusz voivodeship in the western part of Poland. In the same
observation well there occur also the highest concentrations of chlorides at the level
of 408 mg/dm
3 and Na—433,2 mg/dm
3 . In the remaining area, the concentrations of
this ion amount to between 3,84 mg/dm
3 and 20 mg/dm
3 of chlorides and between
1,4 mg/dm
3 and 20 mg/dm
3 of sodium.
In one observation well number II/373/1 located in the ´
Swi˛ etokrzyskie voivodeship an increased content of nitrates at the level of 20,75 mg/dm3 has been reported.
Taking into consideration the typically agricultural character of the region, the excess
of nitrates is of anthropogenic origin.
11.3.3 Cretaceous Aquifer Level
On account of the different depth of the Cretaceous formation placements in the area
of Poland, 22 observation wells representing water-bearing levels of various lithology
I. Jamorska
which alter the type of this water are sulphate and chloride ions, the concentrations
of which are much higher than admissible in potable water.
Such high concentrations of sulphates have been recorded in the well number
II/1526/1 amounting up to 640 mg/dm
3 occur pointwise. In the remaining area,
their concentration values range from 6,4 (well number I/828/3) to 113 mg/dm
3
(well number II/314/1). The chloride concentrations range from 6,83 (well number
I/745/3) to 92 mg/dm
3 (well number I/1526/1). The observation well number II/527/1
with the highest concentration of this ion on the level of 640 mg/dm
3 is located
in the broad lowland (groundwater body number 43 in Table 11.1). Such a high
result is a consequence of salt diapirs occurring in the soil. The maximum and
minimum concentration thresholds of particular ions from the observation wells of
the Quaternary aquifer level have been presented in Table 11.1.
11.3.2 Palaeogene and Neogene Aquifer
In the Palaeogene and Neogene aquifer level two-ionic waters of the HCO 3 -Ca type
belonging mainly to the quality class II prevail (Table 11.2). The occurrence of
multi-ionic waters of the HCO 3 –Cl–Na–Ca, HCO–SO–Ca–Mg and Cl–HCO 3 –Na
types have been reported in the Masovian voivodeship (observation well number
I/40/2), Lower Silesian voivodeship (observation well number II/1178/1) and Lubusz
voivodeship (observation well number II/1144/1). These are waters belonging to the
quality classes IV and V, in which the following ions Cl, Na, NH 4 and Fe exceed the
quality standards for drinking water. The occurrence range of the remaining major
ions has been presented in the Piper diagram (Fig. 11.5).
On the territory of Poland in the Paleogene and Neogene aquifer, sulphate ions
generally occur in concentrations ranging from 0,5 to 30 mg/dm
3 . The highest values
of concentration at 149 mg/dm
3 have been recorded in the observation well number
II/1144/1 located in the Lubusz voivodeship in the western part of Poland. In the same
observation well there occur also the highest concentrations of chlorides at the level
of 408 mg/dm
3 and Na—433,2 mg/dm
3 . In the remaining area, the concentrations of
this ion amount to between 3,84 mg/dm
3 and 20 mg/dm
3 of chlorides and between
1,4 mg/dm
3 and 20 mg/dm
3 of sodium.
In one observation well number II/373/1 located in the ´
Swi˛ etokrzyskie voivodeship an increased content of nitrates at the level of 20,75 mg/dm3 has been reported.
Taking into consideration the typically agricultural character of the region, the excess
of nitrates is of anthropogenic origin.
11.3.3 Cretaceous Aquifer Level
On account of the different depth of the Cretaceous formation placements in the area
of Poland, 22 observation wells representing water-bearing levels of various lithology