9 Assessment of Pollution of Water Resources and Process of Pollution Spreading
201
its water resources and restrictions on the use of the catchment, assessing the time
possibilities to restore them to good the state [101].
In later years, research was undertaken to review and analyze, including in particular determining the temporal perspective of the possibility of achieving environmental objectives, uniform water bodies of the lakes of the Lower Oder and Western
Pomerania water regions, which were indicated for derogation. The study carried out
as part of this study was part of the task within the framework of the Task List and
activities for the water management planning process in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and the Water Law Act in 2010–2015
[102].
9.3 Lakes’ Resistance to Degradations and the Role
of the Catchment in the Eutrophication Process
Protection of lake ecosystems and their rational use require knowledge of the natural
resistance of lakes to degradation and the role of the catchment in accelerating or
inhibiting this process [5, 32, 57, 59, 103–106]. Natural physiogeographical features
cause that the catchment (especially direct) may accelerate or inhibit the supply of
materials (including biogenes) to the lake, which is why the reservoir due to its natural
immunity, resulting from morphometric and hydrological features, may limit the
catchment’s influence or be more susceptible to outside influences. Each lake, therefore, has individual characteristics, which makes the susceptibility to degradation of
individual bodies diversified [4, 59]. This requires individual consideration of the
use and protection of the tank, taking into account not only the current water quality,
but also the characteristics that determine the lake’s vulnerability to external influences. Wider use possibilities have lakes with favorable natural conditions, resistant
to degradation [31, 32].
In the catchment area, the water movement is the basic means of transport and
exchange of various forms of matter between ecosystems. Water in the presence of
living components of eco-systems is also the center of transformation of this matter
in the landscape [105]. Bajkiewicz-Grabowska [107] proposed a valorising system,
which on the one hand assesses the catchment as a source of matter for the reservoir,
and on the other hand, determines the lake’s vulnerability to the impact of cargo
arriving from its area. The extent of the catchment impact on the lake is assessed
on the basis of its features, which in the case of the direct catchment are the lake
coefficient and the balance type of the lake, while in relation to the total basin the
density of the river network in its area, its average fall, the area of outflow areas,
geological structure and the way use (Table 9.1). In principle, indicators assessing a
catchment as a supplier of biogenic matter can only slightly change over time.
From the point of view of lake protection, it is important to determine the susceptibility of tanks to de-gradation. There are two systems for assessing this property
in Polish literature. The first of them is proposed by Bajkiewicz-Grabowska [58,
201
its water resources and restrictions on the use of the catchment, assessing the time
possibilities to restore them to good the state [101].
In later years, research was undertaken to review and analyze, including in particular determining the temporal perspective of the possibility of achieving environmental objectives, uniform water bodies of the lakes of the Lower Oder and Western
Pomerania water regions, which were indicated for derogation. The study carried out
as part of this study was part of the task within the framework of the Task List and
activities for the water management planning process in accordance with the requirements of the EU Water Framework Directive and the Water Law Act in 2010–2015
[102].
9.3 Lakes’ Resistance to Degradations and the Role
of the Catchment in the Eutrophication Process
Protection of lake ecosystems and their rational use require knowledge of the natural
resistance of lakes to degradation and the role of the catchment in accelerating or
inhibiting this process [5, 32, 57, 59, 103–106]. Natural physiogeographical features
cause that the catchment (especially direct) may accelerate or inhibit the supply of
materials (including biogenes) to the lake, which is why the reservoir due to its natural
immunity, resulting from morphometric and hydrological features, may limit the
catchment’s influence or be more susceptible to outside influences. Each lake, therefore, has individual characteristics, which makes the susceptibility to degradation of
individual bodies diversified [4, 59]. This requires individual consideration of the
use and protection of the tank, taking into account not only the current water quality,
but also the characteristics that determine the lake’s vulnerability to external influences. Wider use possibilities have lakes with favorable natural conditions, resistant
to degradation [31, 32].
In the catchment area, the water movement is the basic means of transport and
exchange of various forms of matter between ecosystems. Water in the presence of
living components of eco-systems is also the center of transformation of this matter
in the landscape [105]. Bajkiewicz-Grabowska [107] proposed a valorising system,
which on the one hand assesses the catchment as a source of matter for the reservoir,
and on the other hand, determines the lake’s vulnerability to the impact of cargo
arriving from its area. The extent of the catchment impact on the lake is assessed
on the basis of its features, which in the case of the direct catchment are the lake
coefficient and the balance type of the lake, while in relation to the total basin the
density of the river network in its area, its average fall, the area of outflow areas,
geological structure and the way use (Table 9.1). In principle, indicators assessing a
catchment as a supplier of biogenic matter can only slightly change over time.
From the point of view of lake protection, it is important to determine the susceptibility of tanks to de-gradation. There are two systems for assessing this property
in Polish literature. The first of them is proposed by Bajkiewicz-Grabowska [58,