Population
11M inhab
24
30
7
Export
vegetal pdcts
155
Seine watershed, 1955
ktonN/yr
245
grassland
11480 km²
livestock
1.4 Mlu
Import
animal pdcts
76
Synth
fertilizers
Symb Nfix
& atm dep
17
5
121
144
82
62
70
15
28
133
8
25
12
31
46
26
200 ktonN/yr
100 ktonN/yr
Urban sludge
Vegetal food
Animal food
to atmosph.
to atm.
Soil
OM
pool
soil storage
denitrification
Aquifers
riparian
denitrif
N2, N2O
N2, N2O
river
Delivery
at the outlet
N2, N2O
4
In-stream retention
29
5
42
30
10
7
5
t t t t t t t t
Cropland
32010 km²
Population
16M inhab
58
39
40
Export
vegetal pdcts
433
Seine watershed, 2010-2014
ktonN/yr
34800 km²
520
grassland
6630 km²
1.4 Mlu
Import
animal pdcts
510
Synth
fertilizers
Symb Nfix
& atm dep
18
6
120
144
96
48
55
144
49
82
5
41
12
43
97
24
200 ktonN/yr
100 ktonN/yr
Urban sludge
Vegetal food
Animal food
seeds
12
Soil
OM
pool
soil storage
denitrification
Aquifers
riparian
denitrif
N2, N2O
N2, N2O
river
Delivery
at the outlet
N2, N2O
to atmosph.
to atm.
ww
trtmt
28
84
4
N2, N2O
13
47
12
45
26
61
15
64
In-stream retention
3
livestock
Cropland
a
b
Fig. 3 GRAFS representation of N fluxes between cropland, grassland, livestock, human population
and the hydrosystem in the Seine basin around (a) 1955 and (b) 2010–2014. (approximated fluxes in
thousand metric tons of N)
The Seine Watershed Water-Agro-Food System: Long-Term Trajectories of C. . .
97