60 closed-ended and 50 open-ended questions
were structured for the event site and 42 closedended questions and 18 open-ended questions
were asked from control site respondents.
Gradient-based questionnaires were adopted for
the quantification of impact and nature of risk.
The questions included in the survey covered
farmers’ perception of wastewater irrigation,
health issues relating to wastewater usage, final
product quality, yield parameters, and existing
control measures.
Scoping
This involves problem identification through
multi-layered interviews and FGD. The following steps were involved: open-ended questions in
the FGD, gradient-based questionnaire, and
opinion poll with associated data analysis. Risk
assessment, while playing a central role in
guidelines for safe wastewater use for agriculture, was covered in this study as health impact
assessment only, but not as quantitative risk
assessment due to the lack of data.
The gradient-based FGD and opinion poll
were based on an environmental management
and auditing system, where every stakeholder
gives his/her opinion on various issues directly or
indirectly related to the identified/probable riskprone areas. Finally, all the opinion polls from all
the respondents were collected to assess the
overall conditions or to evaluate a current scenario, which can be a process, practice, or procedure. A total of 27 risk areas were identified
and analyzed for overall impact, magnitude,
intensity, and occurrence frequency. Once risk
areas were identified through FGDs, interviews
and surveys, estimation was carried out by
Fig. 3 Process flow: health
risk assessment study by Ms.
Susmita Banerjee, IWMI, and
CDD-BORDA
Sustainable and Safe Use of Wastewater …
45
were structured for the event site and 42 closedended questions and 18 open-ended questions
were asked from control site respondents.
Gradient-based questionnaires were adopted for
the quantification of impact and nature of risk.
The questions included in the survey covered
farmers’ perception of wastewater irrigation,
health issues relating to wastewater usage, final
product quality, yield parameters, and existing
control measures.
Scoping
This involves problem identification through
multi-layered interviews and FGD. The following steps were involved: open-ended questions in
the FGD, gradient-based questionnaire, and
opinion poll with associated data analysis. Risk
assessment, while playing a central role in
guidelines for safe wastewater use for agriculture, was covered in this study as health impact
assessment only, but not as quantitative risk
assessment due to the lack of data.
The gradient-based FGD and opinion poll
were based on an environmental management
and auditing system, where every stakeholder
gives his/her opinion on various issues directly or
indirectly related to the identified/probable riskprone areas. Finally, all the opinion polls from all
the respondents were collected to assess the
overall conditions or to evaluate a current scenario, which can be a process, practice, or procedure. A total of 27 risk areas were identified
and analyzed for overall impact, magnitude,
intensity, and occurrence frequency. Once risk
areas were identified through FGDs, interviews
and surveys, estimation was carried out by
Fig. 3 Process flow: health
risk assessment study by Ms.
Susmita Banerjee, IWMI, and
CDD-BORDA
Sustainable and Safe Use of Wastewater …
45