132
a factor of 1.2 compared to a single dose of N 80 P 80 K 80 . The application of an
increased dose of potassium (K 240 ) provided a more significant positive effect on
limiting the uptake of
238
U by barley than its application when cultivating oats.
Accumulation of
238
U decreased 2.1 times in oats grain and 2.6 times in barley grain
in the case of the decrease in acidity of the soil solution due to the application of
4 tons per ha of CaCO 3 .
The maximum positive effect on the reduction of the accumulation of
238
U in the
grain of oats and barley on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil was obtained in the case of
the introduction of humus on the background of N 80 P 80 K 80 (Table 11). Under the
same conditions of cultivation of grain crops, the TF of
238
U for oats grain was
1.2–1.5 times higher than the TF of
238
U for barley grain. The removal of
238
U with
the grain of oats and barley increased by 1.1–1.6 times in the case of the application
of mineral fertilisers if compared with the control.
5 Conclusions
As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that the accumulation of
238
U
by crops is closely related to the content of humus, mobile calcium and physical
clay in the soils. The correlation coefficient between the accumulation of
238
U in the
oats grain and the humus content in the soil was R = 0.91 ± 0.04. The differences in
the accumulation of
238
U in plants depended on the texture of sod-podzolic soils and
came up to 1.2–1.6 times. The uptake of
238
U from sod-podzolic soils to barley was
1.4–3.4 times higher than that of chernozem-type soils with a high content of humus
and mobile calcium.
A directly proportional relationship was established between the accumulation
coefficient of
238
U for barley and oats and the radionuclide content in the soil, coming up to 100 mg kg
−1
. At a concentration of
238
U over 150 mg kg
−1
of sod-podzolic
soil, the radionuclide had a negative effect on the development of the root system,
which resulted in a decrease of the barley grain yield by a factor of 1.2 in comparison with the control. The accumulation coefficient of
238
U for barley decreased with
the increase of radionuclide concentration up to 200 mg kg
−1
.
The maximum quantity of
238
U accumulates in the root system, and this serves as
a barrier to the transport of the radionuclide into the above-ground mass of plants.
Accumulation of
238
U by vegetative mass of plants was 1.5–10 times higher than
accumulation by generative organs.
Accumulation of
238
U in plants varies from 1.5 to 70 times depending on their
specific features. The accumulation coefficient of
238
U by the economic-valuable
part of the yield of different crops grown on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was
in the following order: oats, 3.2 × 10
−3
; peas, 2.2 × 10
−3
; barley, 1.9 × 10
−3
; wheat,
1.6 × 10
−3
; corn, 1.5 × 10
−3
; potatoes (tubers, per wet weight), 1.03 × 10
−3
; carrots
(wet weight), 0.74 × 10
−3
; and tomatoes, 0.70 × 10
−3
.
It was shown that the application of mineral fertilisers on sod-podzolic sandy
loam soil for barley and oats in the recommended dose of N 80–100 P 80–100 K 80–100 proA. N. Ratnikov et al.
a factor of 1.2 compared to a single dose of N 80 P 80 K 80 . The application of an
increased dose of potassium (K 240 ) provided a more significant positive effect on
limiting the uptake of
238
U by barley than its application when cultivating oats.
Accumulation of
238
U decreased 2.1 times in oats grain and 2.6 times in barley grain
in the case of the decrease in acidity of the soil solution due to the application of
4 tons per ha of CaCO 3 .
The maximum positive effect on the reduction of the accumulation of
238
U in the
grain of oats and barley on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil was obtained in the case of
the introduction of humus on the background of N 80 P 80 K 80 (Table 11). Under the
same conditions of cultivation of grain crops, the TF of
238
U for oats grain was
1.2–1.5 times higher than the TF of
238
U for barley grain. The removal of
238
U with
the grain of oats and barley increased by 1.1–1.6 times in the case of the application
of mineral fertilisers if compared with the control.
5 Conclusions
As a result of the conducted studies, it was established that the accumulation of
238
U
by crops is closely related to the content of humus, mobile calcium and physical
clay in the soils. The correlation coefficient between the accumulation of
238
U in the
oats grain and the humus content in the soil was R = 0.91 ± 0.04. The differences in
the accumulation of
238
U in plants depended on the texture of sod-podzolic soils and
came up to 1.2–1.6 times. The uptake of
238
U from sod-podzolic soils to barley was
1.4–3.4 times higher than that of chernozem-type soils with a high content of humus
and mobile calcium.
A directly proportional relationship was established between the accumulation
coefficient of
238
U for barley and oats and the radionuclide content in the soil, coming up to 100 mg kg
−1
. At a concentration of
238
U over 150 mg kg
−1
of sod-podzolic
soil, the radionuclide had a negative effect on the development of the root system,
which resulted in a decrease of the barley grain yield by a factor of 1.2 in comparison with the control. The accumulation coefficient of
238
U for barley decreased with
the increase of radionuclide concentration up to 200 mg kg
−1
.
The maximum quantity of
238
U accumulates in the root system, and this serves as
a barrier to the transport of the radionuclide into the above-ground mass of plants.
Accumulation of
238
U by vegetative mass of plants was 1.5–10 times higher than
accumulation by generative organs.
Accumulation of
238
U in plants varies from 1.5 to 70 times depending on their
specific features. The accumulation coefficient of
238
U by the economic-valuable
part of the yield of different crops grown on sod-podzolic medium loamy soil was
in the following order: oats, 3.2 × 10
−3
; peas, 2.2 × 10
−3
; barley, 1.9 × 10
−3
; wheat,
1.6 × 10
−3
; corn, 1.5 × 10
−3
; potatoes (tubers, per wet weight), 1.03 × 10
−3
; carrots
(wet weight), 0.74 × 10
−3
; and tomatoes, 0.70 × 10
−3
.
It was shown that the application of mineral fertilisers on sod-podzolic sandy
loam soil for barley and oats in the recommended dose of N 80–100 P 80–100 K 80–100 proA. N. Ratnikov et al.