131
In the case of the soil liming, the accumulation of
238
U in the barley yield was
2.4–2.6 times lower than that in the control. The introduction of humus into sandy
loam soil on the background of mineral fertilisers provided the production of barley
grain with the smallest content of
238
U. The TF of
238
U in barley grain with the combined use of organic and mineral fertilisers was reduced by 2.4 times in comparison
with the separate application of mineral fertilisers (Table 11).
The application of mineral fertilisers during the cultivation of spring barley on
sod-podzolic sandy loam soil increased the yield of grain by 2.2–2.8 times and the
removal of
238
U with grain by 1.4–1.6 times. In the experiment with application of
fertilisers in the dose N 80 P 80 K 80 , there was the maximal removal of
238
U (Bq m
2
)
−1
with barley yield. The effectiveness of liming in reducing the carry-over of
238
U with
barley yield was 1.4 times as compared with the application of a single dose of
mineral fertilisers. Removal of
238
U with barley yield decreased by 1.7 times during
the soil cultivation with the application of humus and N 80 P 80 K 80 in comparison with
a variant of just N 80 P 80 K 80 (Table 10).
A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the application of agrochemical techniques on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil showed that when mineral fertilisers
were applied in the dose N 80 P 80 K 80 , the transfer of
238
U into the grain of oats and
barley decreased by 1.2–1.3 times in comparison with the control (Table 11).
Increase in the dose of phosphorus fertilisers (P 240 ) in the compound mineral fertiliser led to a decrease in the accumulation of
238
U in the grain of oats and barley by
Table 10 Accumulation of
238
U in the yield of barley grown on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil
Experimental alternative
Yield, g m
−2
Concentration of
238 U,
Bq kg
−1
Removal of
238
U, Bq m
−2
Grain Straw Grain
Straw Grain
Without fertilisers
90
194
1.81
16.0 0.16
N 80 P 80 K 80
202
375
1.36
10.6 0.27
N 80 P 240 K 80
234
419
1.13
9.2 0.26
N 80 P 80 K 240
253
394
0.98
7.7 0.25
N 80 P 80 K 80 + CaCO 3 , 4 t ha
−1
279
442
0.70
6.6 0.20
N 80 P 80 K 80 + humus, 30 t ha
−1 314
481
0.58
4.9 0.18
Table 11 The efficiency of mineral fertilisers and ameliorants in the cultivation of oats and barley
on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil containing
238 U, TF
238
U (Bq kg
−1 of grain) (kBq m
−2
)
−1
Experimental alternative
Oats
Barley
TF
238
U,
n × 10
−3
Ratio
of decrease, times TF
238
U,
n × 10
−3
Ratio
of decrease,
times
TF
V
TF
V
Without fertilisers
11.7
1.0
1
9.6
1.0
1.0
N 80 P 80 K 80
9.6
1.2
0.6
7.2
1.3
0.6
N 80 P 240 K 80
8.0
1.5
0.7
6.0
1.6
0.6
N 80 P 80 K 240
7.2
1.6
0.7
5.2
1.8
0.7
N 80 P 80 K 80 + CaCO 3 , 4 t ha
−1
5.6
2.1
0.8
3.7
2.6
0.9
N 80 P 80 K 80 + humus, 30 t ha
−1
3.9
3.0
0.9
3.1
3.1
0.9
The Behaviour of Uranium in Soils and the Mechanisms of Its Accumulation…
In the case of the soil liming, the accumulation of
238
U in the barley yield was
2.4–2.6 times lower than that in the control. The introduction of humus into sandy
loam soil on the background of mineral fertilisers provided the production of barley
grain with the smallest content of
238
U. The TF of
238
U in barley grain with the combined use of organic and mineral fertilisers was reduced by 2.4 times in comparison
with the separate application of mineral fertilisers (Table 11).
The application of mineral fertilisers during the cultivation of spring barley on
sod-podzolic sandy loam soil increased the yield of grain by 2.2–2.8 times and the
removal of
238
U with grain by 1.4–1.6 times. In the experiment with application of
fertilisers in the dose N 80 P 80 K 80 , there was the maximal removal of
238
U (Bq m
2
)
−1
with barley yield. The effectiveness of liming in reducing the carry-over of
238
U with
barley yield was 1.4 times as compared with the application of a single dose of
mineral fertilisers. Removal of
238
U with barley yield decreased by 1.7 times during
the soil cultivation with the application of humus and N 80 P 80 K 80 in comparison with
a variant of just N 80 P 80 K 80 (Table 10).
A comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the application of agrochemical techniques on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil showed that when mineral fertilisers
were applied in the dose N 80 P 80 K 80 , the transfer of
238
U into the grain of oats and
barley decreased by 1.2–1.3 times in comparison with the control (Table 11).
Increase in the dose of phosphorus fertilisers (P 240 ) in the compound mineral fertiliser led to a decrease in the accumulation of
238
U in the grain of oats and barley by
Table 10 Accumulation of
238
U in the yield of barley grown on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil
Experimental alternative
Yield, g m
−2
Concentration of
238 U,
Bq kg
−1
Removal of
238
U, Bq m
−2
Grain Straw Grain
Straw Grain
Without fertilisers
90
194
1.81
16.0 0.16
N 80 P 80 K 80
202
375
1.36
10.6 0.27
N 80 P 240 K 80
234
419
1.13
9.2 0.26
N 80 P 80 K 240
253
394
0.98
7.7 0.25
N 80 P 80 K 80 + CaCO 3 , 4 t ha
−1
279
442
0.70
6.6 0.20
N 80 P 80 K 80 + humus, 30 t ha
−1 314
481
0.58
4.9 0.18
Table 11 The efficiency of mineral fertilisers and ameliorants in the cultivation of oats and barley
on sod-podzolic sandy loam soil containing
238 U, TF
238
U (Bq kg
−1 of grain) (kBq m
−2
)
−1
Experimental alternative
Oats
Barley
TF
238
U,
n × 10
−3
Ratio
of decrease, times TF
238
U,
n × 10
−3
Ratio
of decrease,
times
TF
V
TF
V
Without fertilisers
11.7
1.0
1
9.6
1.0
1.0
N 80 P 80 K 80
9.6
1.2
0.6
7.2
1.3
0.6
N 80 P 240 K 80
8.0
1.5
0.7
6.0
1.6
0.6
N 80 P 80 K 240
7.2
1.6
0.7
5.2
1.8
0.7
N 80 P 80 K 80 + CaCO 3 , 4 t ha
−1
5.6
2.1
0.8
3.7
2.6
0.9
N 80 P 80 K 80 + humus, 30 t ha
−1
3.9
3.0
0.9
3.1
3.1
0.9
The Behaviour of Uranium in Soils and the Mechanisms of Its Accumulation…