Vol:.(1234567890)
Research Article
SN Applied Sciences
(2023) 5:158
| https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05376-x
RTOFS Global Ocean Model with a horizontal resolution of
1/12 degrees based on the HYCOM model (Fig. 10) [61].
2.3.3 Spilled oil properties
The main physico-chemical characteristics of the studied
oils Algerian Blend and Algerian condensate Statoil, from
the southern Algerian fields, are classified among lighter
crude oils according to the values of their density respectively d = 0.8015 g/m
3
, d = 0.707 g/ m
3
; their degrees of API
American Petroleum Institute is 44.87 and 68.4 [29]. It contains a relatively high proportion of light hydrocarbons.
Crude with a shallow sulfur content of less than 0.1% and
asphaltene, low acidity, low viscosity variation of (2.324
cSt (centistokes) at 20 °C and 1.996 cSt at 37.8 °C), (0.64 cSt
at 20 °C and 0.54 cSt at 40 °C), and the values of the pour
point (−36 °C, −45 °C) indicates that they are paraffinic. For
Algerian Blend oil, the predominance of kerosene explains
its high molecular weight of 225 g/mol (saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbons or alkanes). The general chemical formula is
C11 H2n + 2. The energy products present in this oil have
a better combustion quality (LPG 25%; Naphtha (C6 -C7)
34%; Kerosene (C12-C18) 12%; Gas-Oil (C18) 25%; Residue
25%).
2.4 Modeling scenarios
This section describes the decision criteria for the many
tests of the various scenarios in the Gulf of Arzew. Table 4
displays the meteorological and hydrodynamic variables
for the 16 scenarios investigated. For the year’s four seasons of 2018, 10,000 metric tons of Algerian Blend crude
oil spilled on two different spill spots (P1 and P2) in the
Gulf of Arzew. And 30,000 metric tons of Algerian condensate Statoil, as well as the position of the two spill spots
(P1 and P2) in the center of the Gulf of Arzew for the four
seasons of 2022, as well as the model start time, model
end time, simulation duration, and sea surface temperature and salinity.
Fig. 10 a Visualization of the wind direction and current in the golf of Arzew 2022 under webGNOME. b The wind rose with the wind speed
in 2018
Research Article
SN Applied Sciences
(2023) 5:158
| https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-023-05376-x
RTOFS Global Ocean Model with a horizontal resolution of
1/12 degrees based on the HYCOM model (Fig. 10) [61].
2.3.3 Spilled oil properties
The main physico-chemical characteristics of the studied
oils Algerian Blend and Algerian condensate Statoil, from
the southern Algerian fields, are classified among lighter
crude oils according to the values of their density respectively d = 0.8015 g/m
3
, d = 0.707 g/ m
3
; their degrees of API
American Petroleum Institute is 44.87 and 68.4 [29]. It contains a relatively high proportion of light hydrocarbons.
Crude with a shallow sulfur content of less than 0.1% and
asphaltene, low acidity, low viscosity variation of (2.324
cSt (centistokes) at 20 °C and 1.996 cSt at 37.8 °C), (0.64 cSt
at 20 °C and 0.54 cSt at 40 °C), and the values of the pour
point (−36 °C, −45 °C) indicates that they are paraffinic. For
Algerian Blend oil, the predominance of kerosene explains
its high molecular weight of 225 g/mol (saturated aliphatic
hydrocarbons or alkanes). The general chemical formula is
C11 H2n + 2. The energy products present in this oil have
a better combustion quality (LPG 25%; Naphtha (C6 -C7)
34%; Kerosene (C12-C18) 12%; Gas-Oil (C18) 25%; Residue
25%).
2.4 Modeling scenarios
This section describes the decision criteria for the many
tests of the various scenarios in the Gulf of Arzew. Table 4
displays the meteorological and hydrodynamic variables
for the 16 scenarios investigated. For the year’s four seasons of 2018, 10,000 metric tons of Algerian Blend crude
oil spilled on two different spill spots (P1 and P2) in the
Gulf of Arzew. And 30,000 metric tons of Algerian condensate Statoil, as well as the position of the two spill spots
(P1 and P2) in the center of the Gulf of Arzew for the four
seasons of 2022, as well as the model start time, model
end time, simulation duration, and sea surface temperature and salinity.
Fig. 10 a Visualization of the wind direction and current in the golf of Arzew 2022 under webGNOME. b The wind rose with the wind speed
in 2018