330
S. Adeel et al.
Fig. 12 Effect of variables on dyeing of irradiated cotton using the irradiated dye bath
Table 10 Fastness properties of irradiated fabric dyed at optimal conditions using irradiated dye
solution
Shade (%)
Light Fastness
Rubbing test
Washing fastness
Dry
Wet
c.c
c.s
0.1
4–5
4
5
4–5
4
0.5
4
4
4–5
3–4
3
1
3–4
4
4–5
3
3
1.5
3–4
3
4–5
3
3
2
3
4
5
4–5
4
Here control is un−irradiated fabric, c.c color change, c.s color stain
for 6 min before desizing followed by pre-treatment to mercerization had given excellent results (Fig. 13a). It was because the greige fabric has a lot of impurities and it
has taken high heating level for surface modification, which upon dyeing has shown
excellent, results [48, 49]. Low microwave treatment did not add value by tuning the
greige fabric surface which may make easy method for removal of impurities upon
the pretreatment process. Hence before desizing MW treatment for 6 min should
be given and for dyeing dye bath should also be MW treatment for 6 min. On the
other hand when the fabric was irradiated and subjected to pre-treatment and dyed
using an un-irradiated dye solution, the low color strength is obtained. Microwave
treatment for low time (2–4 min.) less color depth had been eveluated. These results