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S. Adeel et al.
results but less than of treatment after bleaching. Hence overall from this study,
he concluded that irradiation to fabric for 3 min. after bleaching should be given to
improve its uptake ability using untreated Reactive Red 195 dye. The results obtained
from this study have revealed that, microwave treatment not only reduced the time,
labor, and money but also improved color characteristics of fabric dyed with Reactive
Red 195 dye.
Another study conducted by Kamran [36] revealed that the radiation treatment for
processing of dyeing using Vat Yellow 46 has also given excellent results. The dyeing
of irradiated cotton fabric (RC), and non-irradiated cotton (NRC) using irradiated
solution (RS), and non-irradiated dye solution (NRS) has shown various results.
The effect of MW treatment on greige fabric has been found promising followed by
desizing, bleaching, and mercerization using an un-irradiated Vat dye solution. The
treatment of fabric for 4 min. has helped to improve the uptake ability before dyeing,
due to surface modification. The microwave treatment after desizing for 4 min. using
the un-irradiated solution (NRS) has given good color strength (K/S) value, due to
the desizing of the fabric after MW has made it more suitable for further processing
[39, 40]. After desizing the MW treatment helped to modify the surface and affect
the crystalline area of the fabric to enhance the uptake ability.
Kamran [36] studied the role of microwave treatment during the processing of
greige fabric to make it viable for dyes. After every step from desizing to mercerization, MW treatment was carried out up to 6 min. and dyed with reactive and Vat
dyeing. MW treatment for 4 min. of bleached fabric gives a maximum K/S value by
using the un-irradiated dye solution (NRS). Because after bleaching the fabric surface
becomes more prone to dye sorption and upon irradiation, the surface becomes modified enough to sorb more dye. Treatment for a high time due to continuous heating
may weaken the fabric to hold the dye aggregates firmly. Hence 4 min. MW treatment
is the optimum time for fabric after bleaching. After mercerization, the irradiation for
2 min. to fabric gives more K/S value. This is because mercerization not only helps
to improve whiteness as well as the orientation of fibers but also enhanced the dye
uptake ability. After mercerization, the fabric upon irradiation becomes more prone
to dyeing of fabrics resulting in good color depth (K/S). Hence overall it is recommended that for reactive dyeing after bleaching of fabric (RC) the MW treatment for
3 min. is recommended using un-irradiated dye (NRS). Hence it is proved that MW
treatment is not only a cost-effective tool also time, energy and labor effective tool
for fabric processing. This experiment has improved the bleaching process of fabric
after irradiation and enhance the uptake ability of dye. During these experiments,
it is observed that radiation of desized fabric before bleaching for 4 min. should be
given followed by further processing to improve its substantive behavior. However,
dye bath after and before irradiation for dyeing is not significant.
Jannat [41] reported the substantive improving behavior of fabric using Reactive
Violet H3R dye under the influence of microwave treatment. In this work, MW treatment employed to both dye bath and fabric up to 10 min. It is found that microwave
irradiation for 8 min. at high power has given good color strength when 60 mL of
irradiated dye bath of 7.5 pH containing 8 g/L of salt as an exhausting agent was
S. Adeel et al.
results but less than of treatment after bleaching. Hence overall from this study,
he concluded that irradiation to fabric for 3 min. after bleaching should be given to
improve its uptake ability using untreated Reactive Red 195 dye. The results obtained
from this study have revealed that, microwave treatment not only reduced the time,
labor, and money but also improved color characteristics of fabric dyed with Reactive
Red 195 dye.
Another study conducted by Kamran [36] revealed that the radiation treatment for
processing of dyeing using Vat Yellow 46 has also given excellent results. The dyeing
of irradiated cotton fabric (RC), and non-irradiated cotton (NRC) using irradiated
solution (RS), and non-irradiated dye solution (NRS) has shown various results.
The effect of MW treatment on greige fabric has been found promising followed by
desizing, bleaching, and mercerization using an un-irradiated Vat dye solution. The
treatment of fabric for 4 min. has helped to improve the uptake ability before dyeing,
due to surface modification. The microwave treatment after desizing for 4 min. using
the un-irradiated solution (NRS) has given good color strength (K/S) value, due to
the desizing of the fabric after MW has made it more suitable for further processing
[39, 40]. After desizing the MW treatment helped to modify the surface and affect
the crystalline area of the fabric to enhance the uptake ability.
Kamran [36] studied the role of microwave treatment during the processing of
greige fabric to make it viable for dyes. After every step from desizing to mercerization, MW treatment was carried out up to 6 min. and dyed with reactive and Vat
dyeing. MW treatment for 4 min. of bleached fabric gives a maximum K/S value by
using the un-irradiated dye solution (NRS). Because after bleaching the fabric surface
becomes more prone to dye sorption and upon irradiation, the surface becomes modified enough to sorb more dye. Treatment for a high time due to continuous heating
may weaken the fabric to hold the dye aggregates firmly. Hence 4 min. MW treatment
is the optimum time for fabric after bleaching. After mercerization, the irradiation for
2 min. to fabric gives more K/S value. This is because mercerization not only helps
to improve whiteness as well as the orientation of fibers but also enhanced the dye
uptake ability. After mercerization, the fabric upon irradiation becomes more prone
to dyeing of fabrics resulting in good color depth (K/S). Hence overall it is recommended that for reactive dyeing after bleaching of fabric (RC) the MW treatment for
3 min. is recommended using un-irradiated dye (NRS). Hence it is proved that MW
treatment is not only a cost-effective tool also time, energy and labor effective tool
for fabric processing. This experiment has improved the bleaching process of fabric
after irradiation and enhance the uptake ability of dye. During these experiments,
it is observed that radiation of desized fabric before bleaching for 4 min. should be
given followed by further processing to improve its substantive behavior. However,
dye bath after and before irradiation for dyeing is not significant.
Jannat [41] reported the substantive improving behavior of fabric using Reactive
Violet H3R dye under the influence of microwave treatment. In this work, MW treatment employed to both dye bath and fabric up to 10 min. It is found that microwave
irradiation for 8 min. at high power has given good color strength when 60 mL of
irradiated dye bath of 7.5 pH containing 8 g/L of salt as an exhausting agent was