Recent Advances in Development of Antimicrobial Textiles
157
antibacterial agents. Combination of chitosan and curcumin was applied on viscose
fabric and then the adsorption/desorption of compounds was analyzed. The adsorbed
curcumin enhanced the antibacterial efficiency of already established antibacterial
performance of chitosan [154].
At nanoscale the properties of material could be enhanced too many folds. Therefore, nanomaterials and nano-emulsions have been applied to textile for greater functionality. Curcumin nano-emulsions have also been applied by exhaust method using
crosslinkers i.e. β-cyclodextrin and polycarboxylic acid and antibacterial activity was
assessed by using both standards AATCC 147 and AATCC 100. The results were
positive for the treated textiles with greater adhesion and potential to be used in
wound care management as medial textiles [155]. To improve the antibacterial activity, curcumin could be mixed with other organic and inorganic antibacterial agents
for development of antibacterial textiles. In this way dyeing and finishing of fabric
could be done in single step by conventional pad-dry-cure method. Turmeric dye,
chitosan/TiO 2 composite nanoparticles were applied on textiles by using crosslinking agent (citric acid) in presence of sodium pyrophosphate catalyst. Under optimum
conditions of all (w/v) such as TiO 2 (0.75%, w/v), Turmeric dye (10% dye, w/v),
chitosan (2.5%, w/v), citric acid (30 g/L), sodium pyrophosphate (4 g/L), drying tem.
(70 °C for 5 min.) and curing temp. (180 °C for 2 min), the treated fabric showed
significant improvement in self-cleaning, color fastness and antibacterial properties
[154].
7.3.5 Tobacco Leaf
The herbaceous plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that is native to tropical and
subtropical America has been cultivated in most parts of world due to its properties
like narcotic, antiseptic, sedative, emetic and antispasmodic. This plant belongs to
family Solanaceae and leaves are rich in several bioactive phytochemicals/phenols.
Also, Nicotine has been extracted from the leaves that is zinc associated and showed
antibacterial active against many bacterial strains [156]. The flavonoids of Nicotiana
tabacum contains free radical scavenging capability to ascorbic acid and superoxide
ions due to which it possess antioxidant activity [157]. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of tobacco plant is well known. However, no much research work have
yet been reported showing the antibacterial activity of textiles imparted by polyphenols of Nicotiana tabacum. Duangsri et al. [158] developed ecofriendly antibacterial
finish from extract by tobacco leaves and applied on cotton fabric. The inhibition
activity against E. coli and S. aureus confirmed the antibacterial activity of polyphenol extracted from tobacco leaf. There is still a room to explore the antibacterial
properties of tobacco plant after their application on different textile materials.
157
antibacterial agents. Combination of chitosan and curcumin was applied on viscose
fabric and then the adsorption/desorption of compounds was analyzed. The adsorbed
curcumin enhanced the antibacterial efficiency of already established antibacterial
performance of chitosan [154].
At nanoscale the properties of material could be enhanced too many folds. Therefore, nanomaterials and nano-emulsions have been applied to textile for greater functionality. Curcumin nano-emulsions have also been applied by exhaust method using
crosslinkers i.e. β-cyclodextrin and polycarboxylic acid and antibacterial activity was
assessed by using both standards AATCC 147 and AATCC 100. The results were
positive for the treated textiles with greater adhesion and potential to be used in
wound care management as medial textiles [155]. To improve the antibacterial activity, curcumin could be mixed with other organic and inorganic antibacterial agents
for development of antibacterial textiles. In this way dyeing and finishing of fabric
could be done in single step by conventional pad-dry-cure method. Turmeric dye,
chitosan/TiO 2 composite nanoparticles were applied on textiles by using crosslinking agent (citric acid) in presence of sodium pyrophosphate catalyst. Under optimum
conditions of all (w/v) such as TiO 2 (0.75%, w/v), Turmeric dye (10% dye, w/v),
chitosan (2.5%, w/v), citric acid (30 g/L), sodium pyrophosphate (4 g/L), drying tem.
(70 °C for 5 min.) and curing temp. (180 °C for 2 min), the treated fabric showed
significant improvement in self-cleaning, color fastness and antibacterial properties
[154].
7.3.5 Tobacco Leaf
The herbaceous plant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that is native to tropical and
subtropical America has been cultivated in most parts of world due to its properties
like narcotic, antiseptic, sedative, emetic and antispasmodic. This plant belongs to
family Solanaceae and leaves are rich in several bioactive phytochemicals/phenols.
Also, Nicotine has been extracted from the leaves that is zinc associated and showed
antibacterial active against many bacterial strains [156]. The flavonoids of Nicotiana
tabacum contains free radical scavenging capability to ascorbic acid and superoxide
ions due to which it possess antioxidant activity [157]. The antioxidant and antibacterial activity of tobacco plant is well known. However, no much research work have
yet been reported showing the antibacterial activity of textiles imparted by polyphenols of Nicotiana tabacum. Duangsri et al. [158] developed ecofriendly antibacterial
finish from extract by tobacco leaves and applied on cotton fabric. The inhibition
activity against E. coli and S. aureus confirmed the antibacterial activity of polyphenol extracted from tobacco leaf. There is still a room to explore the antibacterial
properties of tobacco plant after their application on different textile materials.