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S. Riaz and M. Ashraf
and fiber surface. Various antimicrobial agents have been applied by direct pad-dryand cure method, spraying, coating and foaming method. Herbal antibacterial agents
are mostly applied after fabric processing and at finishing stage to get more evident
outcomes. The methods are as follow:
5.1 Direct Application
Natural antibacterial agents are applied to textile by direct application method. Paddry-cure method is conventional direct application method in which textile is dipped
in aqueous finishing agent for some specified time. After immersion the fabric is
padded between the nip of rollers at particular pressure range for certain pick-up
of antibacterial finish. Further, the fabric is dried and cured for a particular time at
specified temperature to attach the finish with the textile. Though this is an easy
approach to apply finishing agent but to achieve enough durability is difficult if some
kind of chemical bonding does not exist between finishing agent and the textile.
Multiple finishes could be applied on textile by this technique and the effect would
be the same regardless of number of finishing agents applied. This technique is
fundamental for all other applied finishes.
5.2 Nanotechnology
As the herbal antibacterial agents are considered less hazardous to human and environment therefore, their use is growing for textile applications as well. But, the main
issue associated with these plant based antibacterial agents is there durability. Different methodologies have been adopted to make them durable and nanotechnology
is one of them. Different nanoparticles by using plant extracts have been developed for biomedical application and drug release [22, 23] but, there use in textile
is very limited and still a space is present to work on them for their application
as At nanoscale the adhesion between fibers and natural antibacterial agents could
be enhanced without compromising the appearance, handle and comfort of textile
[24]. Based on neem extract herbal nanoparticles were synthesized and applied on
cotton fabric by conventional pad-dry-cure method increasing the adhesion up to
25 washing cycles showing antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli both
qualitatively and quantitatively [25]. Similarly, chitosan and herbal nanocomposite
on cellulosic fabric gave enhanced antibacterial, comfort without affecting physical
properties with greater wash durability [26].
S. Riaz and M. Ashraf
and fiber surface. Various antimicrobial agents have been applied by direct pad-dryand cure method, spraying, coating and foaming method. Herbal antibacterial agents
are mostly applied after fabric processing and at finishing stage to get more evident
outcomes. The methods are as follow:
5.1 Direct Application
Natural antibacterial agents are applied to textile by direct application method. Paddry-cure method is conventional direct application method in which textile is dipped
in aqueous finishing agent for some specified time. After immersion the fabric is
padded between the nip of rollers at particular pressure range for certain pick-up
of antibacterial finish. Further, the fabric is dried and cured for a particular time at
specified temperature to attach the finish with the textile. Though this is an easy
approach to apply finishing agent but to achieve enough durability is difficult if some
kind of chemical bonding does not exist between finishing agent and the textile.
Multiple finishes could be applied on textile by this technique and the effect would
be the same regardless of number of finishing agents applied. This technique is
fundamental for all other applied finishes.
5.2 Nanotechnology
As the herbal antibacterial agents are considered less hazardous to human and environment therefore, their use is growing for textile applications as well. But, the main
issue associated with these plant based antibacterial agents is there durability. Different methodologies have been adopted to make them durable and nanotechnology
is one of them. Different nanoparticles by using plant extracts have been developed for biomedical application and drug release [22, 23] but, there use in textile
is very limited and still a space is present to work on them for their application
as At nanoscale the adhesion between fibers and natural antibacterial agents could
be enhanced without compromising the appearance, handle and comfort of textile
[24]. Based on neem extract herbal nanoparticles were synthesized and applied on
cotton fabric by conventional pad-dry-cure method increasing the adhesion up to
25 washing cycles showing antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli both
qualitatively and quantitatively [25]. Similarly, chitosan and herbal nanocomposite
on cellulosic fabric gave enhanced antibacterial, comfort without affecting physical
properties with greater wash durability [26].