Recent Advances in Development of Antimicrobial Textiles
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attached with the surface or present in its surrounding by releasing the agent regularly
and constantly that is not chemically bound to textiles. Therefore, the main limitation
for their use is due to environmental concern. Because they could be hazardous to
human as well as other microbes essential for the effluent treatment [20].
The concentration of antimicrobial agent called minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is a significant factor for its proper functioning. Below this level the
biocide would not be able to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria [17]. Another
drawback of their use is depletion of reservoir (textile surface containing the antibacterial agent) due to continuous release that eventually would no longer be effective
for killing the bacteria. Along with negative effects of leaching antimicrobial agents
used for textiles, they also are not durable because they can be wiped out from textile
surface during different lauding cycles.
4.2 Non-leaching or Bounded Antimicrobial Textiles
Non-leaching or contact killing antibacterial textiles are capable of killing the
microbes only on their contact with the substrate because such textiles have chemically bounded organic polycationic materials through covalent bonding directly or
via some cross-linker and do not discharge any biocide into its surrounding environment (Fig. 2b). Such textiles show long term functionality because they antibacterial
agents do not scrap off due to their bonding with them. They are also human and
environmental friendly because they cannot provoke health issues by their release
into environment.
When the bacteria come in contact with an antibacterial surface, the organic
material spears the outer lipid bilayer of the bacterial cell membrane and preferentially moves into proteins in the cellular organelles to increase the permeability of
unwanted substances into microorganism causing its death. Such type antibacterial
action offers greater surface activity with considerably low leaching into environment [21]. Though, they are ecofriendly but less effective in action against bacteria
because no active substance is released from the textile surface. They show their
efficacy only against the bacteria that directly meet the surface. These finishes show
no efficiency in their surrounding environment.
5 Application Methods of Antibacterial Agents on Textiles
Antibacterial agents can be imparted to textile using different chemical, physical
or physio-chemical approaches at fiber forming stage or attextile finishing stage,
depending upon the composition, type of fiber, chemical structure, fiber composition,
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attached with the surface or present in its surrounding by releasing the agent regularly
and constantly that is not chemically bound to textiles. Therefore, the main limitation
for their use is due to environmental concern. Because they could be hazardous to
human as well as other microbes essential for the effluent treatment [20].
The concentration of antimicrobial agent called minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is a significant factor for its proper functioning. Below this level the
biocide would not be able to kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria [17]. Another
drawback of their use is depletion of reservoir (textile surface containing the antibacterial agent) due to continuous release that eventually would no longer be effective
for killing the bacteria. Along with negative effects of leaching antimicrobial agents
used for textiles, they also are not durable because they can be wiped out from textile
surface during different lauding cycles.
4.2 Non-leaching or Bounded Antimicrobial Textiles
Non-leaching or contact killing antibacterial textiles are capable of killing the
microbes only on their contact with the substrate because such textiles have chemically bounded organic polycationic materials through covalent bonding directly or
via some cross-linker and do not discharge any biocide into its surrounding environment (Fig. 2b). Such textiles show long term functionality because they antibacterial
agents do not scrap off due to their bonding with them. They are also human and
environmental friendly because they cannot provoke health issues by their release
into environment.
When the bacteria come in contact with an antibacterial surface, the organic
material spears the outer lipid bilayer of the bacterial cell membrane and preferentially moves into proteins in the cellular organelles to increase the permeability of
unwanted substances into microorganism causing its death. Such type antibacterial
action offers greater surface activity with considerably low leaching into environment [21]. Though, they are ecofriendly but less effective in action against bacteria
because no active substance is released from the textile surface. They show their
efficacy only against the bacteria that directly meet the surface. These finishes show
no efficiency in their surrounding environment.
5 Application Methods of Antibacterial Agents on Textiles
Antibacterial agents can be imparted to textile using different chemical, physical
or physio-chemical approaches at fiber forming stage or attextile finishing stage,
depending upon the composition, type of fiber, chemical structure, fiber composition,