up to 50–100. The aspect ratio of the straight fibrils further increased with increment
of PHDDT content. The results suggested that PHDDT was beneficial to improving
the flame retardance of the PC/PHDDT in situ composite. The addition of PHDDT
enhanced the LOI value; with only 5 wt% PHDDT, the LOI value had been raised to
Table 4 Structure composition, thermal transition temperature, liquid crystalline phase, and char
yield of synthesized phosphorus-containing liquid crystalline polyester-imides (n = 12)
(Serbezeanu et al. 2010a)
Unit ratio
POM
a
DSC
b
LC
phase
Residue
(wt%)
c
X: Y
K ! LC LC ! I
T m1
(
C)
T m2
(
C)
T i
(
C)
0: 1
308
–
293
–
–
Nematic
34
0.25: 0.75 291
–
172
–
–
Nematic
36
0.50: 0.50 259
–
177
189
–
Nematic
28
0.75: 0.25 213
369
180
200
–
Smectic
18
0.95: 0.05 209
312
167
196
304
Smectic
14
K solids, LC liquid crystalline, I isotropic phase, T m1 , T m2 multiple melting temperatures, (À)
transition not observed
a Phase transition temperature taken from POM observation, first heating cycle at a heating rate of
10
C min
À1
b
Peak temperatures from DSC were taken as the phase transition temperature
c Residue at 700
C were detected by TGA at a heating rate of 10
C min
À1 under nitrogen
atmosphere
Table 5 Structure composition, thermal transition temperature, liquid crystalline phase, and char
yield of synthesized phosphorus-containing liquid crystalline polyester-imides from
4-chloroformyl-N( p-chloroformylphenyl) phthalimide (Carja et al. 2012)
Monomer
ratio
a
POM
b
DSC
c
LC phase Residue
d
x y
z
K ! LC LC ! I
T g
(
C)
T m1
(
C)
T m2
(
C)
T i (
C)
1 1
0
329
389
195
–
–
–
Nematic
48
1 0.75 0.25 139
273
–
96
137
–
Nematic
24
1 0.5 0.5
108
143
–
61
83
143
Nematic
19
1 0.25 0.75 112
139
–
58
84
138
Smectic
9
K solids, LC liquid crystalline phase, I isotropic phase, T m1 , T m2 multiple melting temperatures, (À)
transition not observed
a x =
; y = DOPO-NQ; z = 1,12-dodecanediol
b
Phase transition temperature taken from POM observation, first heating cycle at a heating rate of
10
C min
À1
c Peak temperatures from DSC were taken as the phase transition temperature
d
Residue at 700
C were detected by TGA at a heating rate of 10
C min
À1 under nitrogen
atmosphere
562
L. Chen and Y.-Z. Wang
of PHDDT content. The results suggested that PHDDT was beneficial to improving
the flame retardance of the PC/PHDDT in situ composite. The addition of PHDDT
enhanced the LOI value; with only 5 wt% PHDDT, the LOI value had been raised to
Table 4 Structure composition, thermal transition temperature, liquid crystalline phase, and char
yield of synthesized phosphorus-containing liquid crystalline polyester-imides (n = 12)
(Serbezeanu et al. 2010a)
Unit ratio
POM
a
DSC
b
LC
phase
Residue
(wt%)
c
X: Y
K ! LC LC ! I
T m1
(
C)
T m2
(
C)
T i
(
C)
0: 1
308
–
293
–
–
Nematic
34
0.25: 0.75 291
–
172
–
–
Nematic
36
0.50: 0.50 259
–
177
189
–
Nematic
28
0.75: 0.25 213
369
180
200
–
Smectic
18
0.95: 0.05 209
312
167
196
304
Smectic
14
K solids, LC liquid crystalline, I isotropic phase, T m1 , T m2 multiple melting temperatures, (À)
transition not observed
a Phase transition temperature taken from POM observation, first heating cycle at a heating rate of
10
C min
À1
b
Peak temperatures from DSC were taken as the phase transition temperature
c Residue at 700
C were detected by TGA at a heating rate of 10
C min
À1 under nitrogen
atmosphere
Table 5 Structure composition, thermal transition temperature, liquid crystalline phase, and char
yield of synthesized phosphorus-containing liquid crystalline polyester-imides from
4-chloroformyl-N( p-chloroformylphenyl) phthalimide (Carja et al. 2012)
Monomer
ratio
a
POM
b
DSC
c
LC phase Residue
d
x y
z
K ! LC LC ! I
T g
(
C)
T m1
(
C)
T m2
(
C)
T i (
C)
1 1
0
329
389
195
–
–
–
Nematic
48
1 0.75 0.25 139
273
–
96
137
–
Nematic
24
1 0.5 0.5
108
143
–
61
83
143
Nematic
19
1 0.25 0.75 112
139
–
58
84
138
Smectic
9
K solids, LC liquid crystalline phase, I isotropic phase, T m1 , T m2 multiple melting temperatures, (À)
transition not observed
a x =
; y = DOPO-NQ; z = 1,12-dodecanediol
b
Phase transition temperature taken from POM observation, first heating cycle at a heating rate of
10
C min
À1
c Peak temperatures from DSC were taken as the phase transition temperature
d
Residue at 700
C were detected by TGA at a heating rate of 10
C min
À1 under nitrogen
atmosphere
562
L. Chen and Y.-Z. Wang