Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:29
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2. It is better to have multiple transducers so that the cavitationally active volume
can be on a higher side. This will also allow operating at a lower intensity of
irradiation, resulting in a more intense collapse of cavities.
3. It is recommended to select multiple frequencies of irradiation that can give similar contributions of physical and chemical effects (e.g. a combination of 20 kHz
with 200 kHz would be ideal). Also, the frequencies can be tuned to give resonant
and standing wave effects that drive a maximum intensity of cavitational collapse.
Fig. 9 Various commonly used SPC reactors based on the horn-type ultrasonicator in combination with
UV light. Adopted from Taghizadeh and Abddlahi [52] and Ahmedchekkat et al. [53]
Fig. 10 Configuration of SPC reactors based on sequential sonolysis (horn-type sonicator) and photolysis
(UV light) reactor. Adopted from González AS and Martínez [54]
84
Reprinted from the journal
1 3
2. It is better to have multiple transducers so that the cavitationally active volume
can be on a higher side. This will also allow operating at a lower intensity of
irradiation, resulting in a more intense collapse of cavities.
3. It is recommended to select multiple frequencies of irradiation that can give similar contributions of physical and chemical effects (e.g. a combination of 20 kHz
with 200 kHz would be ideal). Also, the frequencies can be tuned to give resonant
and standing wave effects that drive a maximum intensity of cavitational collapse.
Fig. 9 Various commonly used SPC reactors based on the horn-type ultrasonicator in combination with
UV light. Adopted from Taghizadeh and Abddlahi [52] and Ahmedchekkat et al. [53]
Fig. 10 Configuration of SPC reactors based on sequential sonolysis (horn-type sonicator) and photolysis
(UV light) reactor. Adopted from González AS and Martínez [54]
84
Reprinted from the journal