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Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:29
4. It is better to use simultaneous ultrasound and UV or solar irradiations so that
synergism can be obtained. This operation will also ensure that the catalyst is
kept clean during the entire operation, resulting in higher degradation efficacies.
5. For the UV irradiation, it is better to use designs that yield a uniform distribution
of the incident lights. Annular locations of UV and ultrasonic irradiation sources
would be a good geometry to look at [55].
6. Large-scale designs can also involve the inclusion of mechanical mixing, especially when a slurry-type operation is looked at. This will also allow the introduction of gases or solid catalysts as radical promoters to provide overall higher
oxidation capacity.
A possible model design based on the combination of solar and/or UV irradiations with multiple transducers is shown in Fig. 11. The ultrasound part of the system is based on a large tank-type reactor equipped with transducers at the bottom
(typical cleaning tank or ultrasonic bath-type system) and on the sides (parallel
plate-type system offering the possibility of creating standing waves). The pitch of
the arrangement of the transducers at the bottom of the reactor can be such that a
uniform distribution of the incident sound energy is obtained. The photocatalytic
part of the system can be mainly based on the concentrating parabolic-type reflectors suitable for application involving direct sunlight. In addition, mercury vapourbased UV lamps can be introduced into the annular space or directly dipped in the
effluent, with adequate protection provided by the quartz tube being a necessity. The
Fig. 11 Schematic representation of the model SPC reactor
85
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:29
4. It is better to use simultaneous ultrasound and UV or solar irradiations so that
synergism can be obtained. This operation will also ensure that the catalyst is
kept clean during the entire operation, resulting in higher degradation efficacies.
5. For the UV irradiation, it is better to use designs that yield a uniform distribution
of the incident lights. Annular locations of UV and ultrasonic irradiation sources
would be a good geometry to look at [55].
6. Large-scale designs can also involve the inclusion of mechanical mixing, especially when a slurry-type operation is looked at. This will also allow the introduction of gases or solid catalysts as radical promoters to provide overall higher
oxidation capacity.
A possible model design based on the combination of solar and/or UV irradiations with multiple transducers is shown in Fig. 11. The ultrasound part of the system is based on a large tank-type reactor equipped with transducers at the bottom
(typical cleaning tank or ultrasonic bath-type system) and on the sides (parallel
plate-type system offering the possibility of creating standing waves). The pitch of
the arrangement of the transducers at the bottom of the reactor can be such that a
uniform distribution of the incident sound energy is obtained. The photocatalytic
part of the system can be mainly based on the concentrating parabolic-type reflectors suitable for application involving direct sunlight. In addition, mercury vapourbased UV lamps can be introduced into the annular space or directly dipped in the
effluent, with adequate protection provided by the quartz tube being a necessity. The
Fig. 11 Schematic representation of the model SPC reactor
85
Reprinted from the journal