1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:29
multiple transducers for ultrasound and multiple UV lights. There are some configurations for continuous flow reactors, although these are not commonly reported for
research purposes [55]. The important parameter in the design is the position and
number of UV light sources and the transducers. In addition, the power dissipation
per unit volume of the reactor also needs to be properly chosen.
Some of the guidelines to be taken into consideration for the optimum design
of combination reactors are as follows:
1. Select lower frequencies of irradiation (typically in the range of 20 to 200 kHz) so
as to have dominant physical effects that can help in enhancing the mass transfer
rates and also in cleaning the catalyst. In addition, there will always be some
contribution to the chemical effects of hydroxyl radical formation.
Fig. 8 Various commonly used sonophotocatalytic (SPC) reactors based on bath-type sonicator reactors
with transducers and ultraviolet (UV) light. a With direct contact of ultrasound, b with indirect contact of
ultrasound. Adopted from Mishra and Gogate [50] and Gole et al. [51]
83
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:29
multiple transducers for ultrasound and multiple UV lights. There are some configurations for continuous flow reactors, although these are not commonly reported for
research purposes [55]. The important parameter in the design is the position and
number of UV light sources and the transducers. In addition, the power dissipation
per unit volume of the reactor also needs to be properly chosen.
Some of the guidelines to be taken into consideration for the optimum design
of combination reactors are as follows:
1. Select lower frequencies of irradiation (typically in the range of 20 to 200 kHz) so
as to have dominant physical effects that can help in enhancing the mass transfer
rates and also in cleaning the catalyst. In addition, there will always be some
contribution to the chemical effects of hydroxyl radical formation.
Fig. 8 Various commonly used sonophotocatalytic (SPC) reactors based on bath-type sonicator reactors
with transducers and ultraviolet (UV) light. a With direct contact of ultrasound, b with indirect contact of
ultrasound. Adopted from Mishra and Gogate [50] and Gole et al. [51]
83
Reprinted from the journal