1 3
Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:27
metal-containing catalysts (Pt, Pd, or Ru) were evaluated. In that case, the catalytic
ability was shown to follow the order Ru/Si > Pd/Si > Pt/Si > Si.
Moskovits et al. [108] prepared a series of Pd nanostructures to serve as plasmonmediated photocatalytic for the decomposition of FA. The investigated nanostructures were nanocubes (average edge length of 10 nm) and hexagonal nanosheets
(average edge lengths of 22 nm and thickness of 2.9 nm) with the same surface-tovolume ratio.
Kakuta and Abe [109] reported the use of Cu 2 O and Pt-Cu 2 O as visible-lightresponsive photocatalysts to boost the decomposition of FA. According to the
valence and conduction band edge of Cu 2 O (+ 0.844 V and − 1.16 V, vs. SHE (pH
7), respectively), the oxidation of FA (HCOOH + 2h
+
→ CO 2 + 2H
+
) and the generation of H 2 was determined as feasible (2h
+
+ 2e
−
→ H 2 ). The catalytic test under dark
conditions did not produce gas, indicating that, using such systems, the decomposition of FA takes place via photocatalytic processes. Upon irradiation, the production
of H 2 with both Cu 2 O and Pt–Cu 2 O showed a linear trend with the irradiation time,
and was larger for Pt–Cu 2 O. That study claimed to be the first instance of reporting
the selective and stoichiometric decomposition of FA to H 2 and CO 2 with a visiblelight-responsive photocatalyst.
Wang et al. [110] recently reported on Pt Single Atoms on Te nanowires (Te
NWs) for plasmon-enhanced dehydrogenation of FA. Initially, Te NWs were prepared from Na 2 TeO 3 and were loaded with Pt contents of 1.1, 4.6, and 32.0 wt%,
resulting in the formation of Pt single atoms, nanoclusters and nanocrystals (average size of ~ 4 nm), 1.1%Pt/Te, 4.6%Pt/Te, and 32.0%Pt/Te, respectively. Furthermore, a commercial Pt/C sample with an average nanoparticle size of ~ 4 to 5 nm
was also assessed. The reaction tests revealed that, while the decomposition of FA
was almost negligible under dark conditions, the performance was greatly enhanced
under light irradiation, reaching TOF values of TOFs 3070, 1205, 580, and 363 h
−1
for 1.1%Pt/Te, 4.6%Pt/Te, 32.0%Pt/Te, and Pt/C, respectively. In addition, the photocatalysts were evaluated under various light wavelengths. It was observed that, in
the case of 1.1%Pt/Te ad 4.6%Pt/Te, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) irradiated by light with different wavelength followed the same tendency as the UV–Vis
spectrum, being such tendency deviated for the sample with the highest Pt content.
Additional tests were conducted to elucidate the plasmonic electron-driven mechanism and photothermal effect accompanied by plasmonic effect factors. The linear
dependence of TOF values on light intensity observed for 1.1%Pt/Te confirmed the
importance of the plasmonic electron-driven mechanism for photocatalysts with low
Pt content, while photothermal effects gain importance for higher Pt content.
Su et al. [111] reported the visible-light-driven catalytic activity enhancement of
Pd in AuPd nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (AuPd/GO). As previously
mentioned for some other bimetallic AuPd systems, the significant effect of electron
transfer from Au to Pd was claimed to be crucial for the enhancement achieved by
the AuPd-system under visible-light irradiation. Wen et al. [112] also reported on
AuPd-based photocatalysts for the decomposition of FA using a more sophisticated
photocatalyst formed by plasmonic Au@Pd nanoparticles supported on titaniumdoped zirconium-based amine functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
[UiO-66(Zr 100−x Ti x )]. It was observed that integration of the components of the
215
Reprinted from the journal
Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:27
metal-containing catalysts (Pt, Pd, or Ru) were evaluated. In that case, the catalytic
ability was shown to follow the order Ru/Si > Pd/Si > Pt/Si > Si.
Moskovits et al. [108] prepared a series of Pd nanostructures to serve as plasmonmediated photocatalytic for the decomposition of FA. The investigated nanostructures were nanocubes (average edge length of 10 nm) and hexagonal nanosheets
(average edge lengths of 22 nm and thickness of 2.9 nm) with the same surface-tovolume ratio.
Kakuta and Abe [109] reported the use of Cu 2 O and Pt-Cu 2 O as visible-lightresponsive photocatalysts to boost the decomposition of FA. According to the
valence and conduction band edge of Cu 2 O (+ 0.844 V and − 1.16 V, vs. SHE (pH
7), respectively), the oxidation of FA (HCOOH + 2h
+
→ CO 2 + 2H
+
) and the generation of H 2 was determined as feasible (2h
+
+ 2e
−
→ H 2 ). The catalytic test under dark
conditions did not produce gas, indicating that, using such systems, the decomposition of FA takes place via photocatalytic processes. Upon irradiation, the production
of H 2 with both Cu 2 O and Pt–Cu 2 O showed a linear trend with the irradiation time,
and was larger for Pt–Cu 2 O. That study claimed to be the first instance of reporting
the selective and stoichiometric decomposition of FA to H 2 and CO 2 with a visiblelight-responsive photocatalyst.
Wang et al. [110] recently reported on Pt Single Atoms on Te nanowires (Te
NWs) for plasmon-enhanced dehydrogenation of FA. Initially, Te NWs were prepared from Na 2 TeO 3 and were loaded with Pt contents of 1.1, 4.6, and 32.0 wt%,
resulting in the formation of Pt single atoms, nanoclusters and nanocrystals (average size of ~ 4 nm), 1.1%Pt/Te, 4.6%Pt/Te, and 32.0%Pt/Te, respectively. Furthermore, a commercial Pt/C sample with an average nanoparticle size of ~ 4 to 5 nm
was also assessed. The reaction tests revealed that, while the decomposition of FA
was almost negligible under dark conditions, the performance was greatly enhanced
under light irradiation, reaching TOF values of TOFs 3070, 1205, 580, and 363 h
−1
for 1.1%Pt/Te, 4.6%Pt/Te, 32.0%Pt/Te, and Pt/C, respectively. In addition, the photocatalysts were evaluated under various light wavelengths. It was observed that, in
the case of 1.1%Pt/Te ad 4.6%Pt/Te, the apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) irradiated by light with different wavelength followed the same tendency as the UV–Vis
spectrum, being such tendency deviated for the sample with the highest Pt content.
Additional tests were conducted to elucidate the plasmonic electron-driven mechanism and photothermal effect accompanied by plasmonic effect factors. The linear
dependence of TOF values on light intensity observed for 1.1%Pt/Te confirmed the
importance of the plasmonic electron-driven mechanism for photocatalysts with low
Pt content, while photothermal effects gain importance for higher Pt content.
Su et al. [111] reported the visible-light-driven catalytic activity enhancement of
Pd in AuPd nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide (AuPd/GO). As previously
mentioned for some other bimetallic AuPd systems, the significant effect of electron
transfer from Au to Pd was claimed to be crucial for the enhancement achieved by
the AuPd-system under visible-light irradiation. Wen et al. [112] also reported on
AuPd-based photocatalysts for the decomposition of FA using a more sophisticated
photocatalyst formed by plasmonic Au@Pd nanoparticles supported on titaniumdoped zirconium-based amine functionalized metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)
[UiO-66(Zr 100−x Ti x )]. It was observed that integration of the components of the
215
Reprinted from the journal