Topics in Current Chemistry (2019) 377:27
1 3
other molecules of water, forming H 3 O
+
. After that, when H 3 O
+
reaches the metal
nanoparticles, electrons go to the LUMO of the molecules adsorbed, and H 2 is produced (Fig. 2a). On the other hand, the non-plasmonic Pt nanoparticles can use heat
energy, creating a chemical bond with the adsorbed reactants. Bonding and antibonding orbitals of the adsorbed molecules result from the interaction of the molecular orbital of the adsorbed species and the d electron states of the nanoparticles
(Fig. 2b). Then, hydrogen can be formed from FA by the d band electrons of Pt that
are excited upon heating. In the case proposed in that study, irradiation of Pt/TiO 2
causes excitation of the bound electrons of Pt nanoparticles. Such excited electrons
inject into the LUMO of the reactants adsorbed to form protons. Upon heating, the
excited electrons on the Pt nanoparticles go to higher energy levels, facilitating the
activation of the adsorbed reactants and inducing the reaction (Fig. 2c).
In line with the investigations reporting thermal decomposition of FA, in which
most of the alternatives used are based on Pd-catalysts, Xiong et al. [78] reported the
photocatalytic decomposition of FA with Pd-TiO 2 . In that study, the electronic state
of the active site was modified by depositing foreign atoms on Pd-tetrahedron–TiO 2 .
First, Pd loading was optimizing by checking the activity of catalysts with 5, 10, 18,
and 40 wt% Pd, the sample with 18 wt% being the most active. Characterization of
the samples indicated that Pd nanocrystals had an average length of 6.3 nm and were
covered by {111} facets. The photocatalytic activity in liquid phase was evaluated
Fig. 2 Proposed mechanism of the photothermal catalytic reaction with Pt/TiO 2 nanocatalysts. Reprinted
with permission from [77]
198
Reprinted from the journal
1 3
other molecules of water, forming H 3 O
+
. After that, when H 3 O
+
reaches the metal
nanoparticles, electrons go to the LUMO of the molecules adsorbed, and H 2 is produced (Fig. 2a). On the other hand, the non-plasmonic Pt nanoparticles can use heat
energy, creating a chemical bond with the adsorbed reactants. Bonding and antibonding orbitals of the adsorbed molecules result from the interaction of the molecular orbital of the adsorbed species and the d electron states of the nanoparticles
(Fig. 2b). Then, hydrogen can be formed from FA by the d band electrons of Pt that
are excited upon heating. In the case proposed in that study, irradiation of Pt/TiO 2
causes excitation of the bound electrons of Pt nanoparticles. Such excited electrons
inject into the LUMO of the reactants adsorbed to form protons. Upon heating, the
excited electrons on the Pt nanoparticles go to higher energy levels, facilitating the
activation of the adsorbed reactants and inducing the reaction (Fig. 2c).
In line with the investigations reporting thermal decomposition of FA, in which
most of the alternatives used are based on Pd-catalysts, Xiong et al. [78] reported the
photocatalytic decomposition of FA with Pd-TiO 2 . In that study, the electronic state
of the active site was modified by depositing foreign atoms on Pd-tetrahedron–TiO 2 .
First, Pd loading was optimizing by checking the activity of catalysts with 5, 10, 18,
and 40 wt% Pd, the sample with 18 wt% being the most active. Characterization of
the samples indicated that Pd nanocrystals had an average length of 6.3 nm and were
covered by {111} facets. The photocatalytic activity in liquid phase was evaluated
Fig. 2 Proposed mechanism of the photothermal catalytic reaction with Pt/TiO 2 nanocatalysts. Reprinted
with permission from [77]
198
Reprinted from the journal