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Topics in Current Chemistry (2020) 378:29
Table 1
(continued)
Pollutant
Catalyst
Sonication
Photolysis
Degradation performance
References
Nigrosene dye
N-doped ZnO, Bare ZnO
(4 g/L)
Ultrasonic bath (40 kHz,
200 W)
Tungsten Lamp (60 mW/cm
2
) 92% degradation after
90 min. Optimum condition
was a neutral pH. Highest
rate of degradation for SPC.
Use of solar irradiation was
better than UV irradiation
[82]
Norflurazon
TiO
2 , ZnO and Au–ZnO
(1 g/L)
Ultrasoic bath (42 kHz)
> 420 nm wavelength illuminator
Increased rate for sonophotocatalysis as compared to
individual processes with
catalyst activity as AuZnO > ZnO > TiO
2 . 2.5–3.5
fold increase in degradation extent with combined
process
[83]
Orange II dye
Fe
2 O
3 -TiO
2 nanocatalyst
(0.3 mg/mL)
Ultrasonic bath
(42 kHz, 170 W)
UV LED lamp (5 W), Visible
range LED lamp (50 W)
Visible light outperfomed
UV irradiation. Synergistic effect observed as
compared to individual
processes giving complete
removal
[84]
Perfluorooctanoic acid
(PFOA)
Powdered titanium dioxide
(0.66 g/L)
Ultrasonic transducer
(40 kHz, 500 W)
Low pressure mercury lamp
(16 W, 254 nm)
pH 10 was the best. 60–70%
degradation but 7 h of treatment. Sol–gel based TiO
2
performed better
[85]
93
Reprinted from the journal