Topics in Current Chemistry (2018) 376:42
1 3
36. Choudhury NA, Raman RK, Sampath S, Shukla AK (2005) An alkaline direct borohydride fuel
cell with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. J Power Sources 143(1–2):1–8. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jpows our.2004.08.059
37. An L, Zhao TS (2011) An alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell with a cation exchange membrane.
Energy Environ Sci 4(6):2213. https ://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee0 0002k
38. Xu W, Zhang H, Li G, Wu Z (2014) Nickel-cobalt bimetallic anode catalysts for direct urea fuel
cell. Sci Rep 4:5863. https ://doi.org/10.1038/srep0 5863
39. Chino I, Muneeb O, Do E, Ho V, Haan JL (2018) A paper microfluidic fuel cell powered by urea. J
Power Sources 396:710–714. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows our.2018.06.082
40. Xu W, Wu Z, Tao S (2016) Urea-based fuel cells and electrocatalysts for urea oxidation. Energy
Technol 4(11):1329–1337. https ://doi.org/10.1002/ente.20160 0185
41. Basumatary P, Konwar D, Yoon YS (2018) A novel Ni-Cu/ZnO@MWCNT anode employed
in urea fuel cell to attain superior performances. Electrochim Acta 261:78–85. https ://doi.
org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2017.12.123
42. Ghouri ZK, Elsaid K, Al-Meer S, Barakat NAM (2017) Applicable anode based on Co 3 O 4 –
SrCO 3 heterostructure nanorods-incorporated CNFs with low-onset potential for DUFCs. Appl
Nanosci 7(8):625–631. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1320 4-017-0601-z
43. Yousef A, El-Newehy MH, Al-Deyab SS, Barakat NAM (2017) Facile synthesis of Ni-decorated multi-layers graphene sheets as effective anode for direct urea fuel cells. Arab J Chem
10(6):811–822. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabj c.2016.12.021
44. Senthilkumar N, Gnana kumar G, Manthiram A (2018) 3D Hierarchical core-shell nanostructured arrays on carbon fibers as catalysts for direct urea fuel cells. Adv Energy Mater
8(6):1702207. https ://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20170 2207
45. Nagao M, Kobayashi K, Hibino T (2015) A direct urine fuel cell operated at intermediate temperatures. Chem Lett 44(3):363–365. https ://doi.org/10.1246/cl.14106 7
46. Xu W, Zhang H, Li G, Wu Z (2016) A urine/Cr(VI) fuel cell—electrical power from processing
heavy metal and human urine. J Electroanal Chem 764:38–44. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelec
hem.2016.01.013
47. Lan R, Tao S (2011) Preparation of nano-sized nickel as anode catalyst for direct urea and urine
fuel cells. J Power Sources 196(11):5021–5026. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows our.2011.02.015
48. Ma X, Ye K, Wang G, Duan M, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D (2017) Facile fabrication of gold
coated nickel nanoarrays and its excellent catalytic performance towards sodium borohydride
electro-oxidation. Appl Surf Sci 414:353–360. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsus c.2017.04.104
49. Ye K, Ma X, Cang R, Wang G, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D (2017) Nickel nanowires decorated
with ultra-low palladium loading as an effective electrocatalyst for NaBH 4 oxidation. Catal Sci
Technol 7(10):1991–1995. https ://doi.org/10.1039/c6cy0 2429g
50. Liu H, Song C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang H, Wilkinson DP (2006) A review of anode catalysis
in the direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources 155(2):95–110. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows
our.2006.01.030
51. Liu R, Ye K, Gao Y, Zhang W, Wang G, Cao D (2015) Ag supported on carbon fiber cloth as
the catalyst for hydrazine oxidation in alkaline medium. Electrochim Acta 186:239–244. https ://
doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2015.10.126
52. Fan Z, Kwon Y-H, Yang X, Xu W, Wu Z (2017) In-situ production of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant for direct urea fuel cell. Energy Procedia 105:1858–1863. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypr
o.2017.03.544
53. Guo F, Cheng K, Ye K, Wang G, Cao D (2016) Preparation of nickel-cobalt nanowire arrays
anode electro-catalyst and its application in direct urea/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 199:290–296. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2016.01.215
54. Guo F, Cao D, Du M, Ye K, Wang G, Zhang W, Gao Y, Cheng K (2016) Enhancement of direct
urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell performance by three-dimensional porous nickel-cobalt anode.
J Power Sources 307:697–704. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows our.2016.01.042
55. Jing X, Cao D, Liu Y, Wang G, Yin J, Wen Q, Gao Y (2011) The open circuit potential of
hydrogen peroxide at noble and glassy carbon electrodes in acidic and basic electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem 658(1–2):46–51. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelec hem.2011.04.025
56. Boggs BK, King RL, Botte GG (2009) Urea electrolysis: direct hydrogen production from
urine. Chem Commun (Camb) 32:4859–4861. https ://doi.org/10.1039/b9059 74a
57. Kapdan IK, Kargi F (2006) Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials. Enzyme Microb
Technol 38(5):569–582. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmi ctec.2005.09.015
Reprinted from the journal
74
1 3
36. Choudhury NA, Raman RK, Sampath S, Shukla AK (2005) An alkaline direct borohydride fuel
cell with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. J Power Sources 143(1–2):1–8. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jpows our.2004.08.059
37. An L, Zhao TS (2011) An alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell with a cation exchange membrane.
Energy Environ Sci 4(6):2213. https ://doi.org/10.1039/c1ee0 0002k
38. Xu W, Zhang H, Li G, Wu Z (2014) Nickel-cobalt bimetallic anode catalysts for direct urea fuel
cell. Sci Rep 4:5863. https ://doi.org/10.1038/srep0 5863
39. Chino I, Muneeb O, Do E, Ho V, Haan JL (2018) A paper microfluidic fuel cell powered by urea. J
Power Sources 396:710–714. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows our.2018.06.082
40. Xu W, Wu Z, Tao S (2016) Urea-based fuel cells and electrocatalysts for urea oxidation. Energy
Technol 4(11):1329–1337. https ://doi.org/10.1002/ente.20160 0185
41. Basumatary P, Konwar D, Yoon YS (2018) A novel Ni-Cu/ZnO@MWCNT anode employed
in urea fuel cell to attain superior performances. Electrochim Acta 261:78–85. https ://doi.
org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2017.12.123
42. Ghouri ZK, Elsaid K, Al-Meer S, Barakat NAM (2017) Applicable anode based on Co 3 O 4 –
SrCO 3 heterostructure nanorods-incorporated CNFs with low-onset potential for DUFCs. Appl
Nanosci 7(8):625–631. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1320 4-017-0601-z
43. Yousef A, El-Newehy MH, Al-Deyab SS, Barakat NAM (2017) Facile synthesis of Ni-decorated multi-layers graphene sheets as effective anode for direct urea fuel cells. Arab J Chem
10(6):811–822. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabj c.2016.12.021
44. Senthilkumar N, Gnana kumar G, Manthiram A (2018) 3D Hierarchical core-shell nanostructured arrays on carbon fibers as catalysts for direct urea fuel cells. Adv Energy Mater
8(6):1702207. https ://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.20170 2207
45. Nagao M, Kobayashi K, Hibino T (2015) A direct urine fuel cell operated at intermediate temperatures. Chem Lett 44(3):363–365. https ://doi.org/10.1246/cl.14106 7
46. Xu W, Zhang H, Li G, Wu Z (2016) A urine/Cr(VI) fuel cell—electrical power from processing
heavy metal and human urine. J Electroanal Chem 764:38–44. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelec
hem.2016.01.013
47. Lan R, Tao S (2011) Preparation of nano-sized nickel as anode catalyst for direct urea and urine
fuel cells. J Power Sources 196(11):5021–5026. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows our.2011.02.015
48. Ma X, Ye K, Wang G, Duan M, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D (2017) Facile fabrication of gold
coated nickel nanoarrays and its excellent catalytic performance towards sodium borohydride
electro-oxidation. Appl Surf Sci 414:353–360. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsus c.2017.04.104
49. Ye K, Ma X, Cang R, Wang G, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D (2017) Nickel nanowires decorated
with ultra-low palladium loading as an effective electrocatalyst for NaBH 4 oxidation. Catal Sci
Technol 7(10):1991–1995. https ://doi.org/10.1039/c6cy0 2429g
50. Liu H, Song C, Zhang L, Zhang J, Wang H, Wilkinson DP (2006) A review of anode catalysis
in the direct methanol fuel cell. J Power Sources 155(2):95–110. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows
our.2006.01.030
51. Liu R, Ye K, Gao Y, Zhang W, Wang G, Cao D (2015) Ag supported on carbon fiber cloth as
the catalyst for hydrazine oxidation in alkaline medium. Electrochim Acta 186:239–244. https ://
doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2015.10.126
52. Fan Z, Kwon Y-H, Yang X, Xu W, Wu Z (2017) In-situ production of hydrogen peroxide as oxidant for direct urea fuel cell. Energy Procedia 105:1858–1863. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypr
o.2017.03.544
53. Guo F, Cheng K, Ye K, Wang G, Cao D (2016) Preparation of nickel-cobalt nanowire arrays
anode electro-catalyst and its application in direct urea/hydrogen peroxide fuel cell. Electrochim Acta 199:290–296. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2016.01.215
54. Guo F, Cao D, Du M, Ye K, Wang G, Zhang W, Gao Y, Cheng K (2016) Enhancement of direct
urea-hydrogen peroxide fuel cell performance by three-dimensional porous nickel-cobalt anode.
J Power Sources 307:697–704. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows our.2016.01.042
55. Jing X, Cao D, Liu Y, Wang G, Yin J, Wen Q, Gao Y (2011) The open circuit potential of
hydrogen peroxide at noble and glassy carbon electrodes in acidic and basic electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem 658(1–2):46–51. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelec hem.2011.04.025
56. Boggs BK, King RL, Botte GG (2009) Urea electrolysis: direct hydrogen production from
urine. Chem Commun (Camb) 32:4859–4861. https ://doi.org/10.1039/b9059 74a
57. Kapdan IK, Kargi F (2006) Bio-hydrogen production from waste materials. Enzyme Microb
Technol 38(5):569–582. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmi ctec.2005.09.015
Reprinted from the journal
74