72. Thathagar MB, ten Elshof JE, Rothenberg G (2006) Pd Nanoclusters in CÁC coupling reactions:
proof of leaching. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:2886–2890
73. Vásquez-Céspedes S, Chepiga KM, Möller N, Schäfer AH, Glorius F (2016) Direct C–H
Arylation of Heteroarenes with copper impregnated on magnetite as a reusable catalyst:
evidence for CuO nanoparticle catalysis in solution. ACS Catal 6:5954–5961
74. Whitesides GM, Hackett M, Brainard RL, Lavalleye JPPM, Sowinski AF, Izumi AN, Moore
SS, Brown DW, Staudt EM (1985) Suppression of unwanted heterogeneous platinum(0)catalyzed reactions by poisoning with mercury(0) in systems involving competing homogeneous reactions of soluble organoplatinum compounds: thermal decomposition of bis
(triethylphosphine)-3,3,4,4-tetramethylplatinacyclopentane. Organometallics 4:1819–1830
75. Widegren JA, Finke RG (2003) A review of the problem of distinguishing true homogeneous
catalysis from soluble or other metal-particle heterogeneous catalysis under reducing conditions. J Mol Catal A Chem 198:317–341
76. Zinovyeva VA, Vorotyntsev MA, Bezverkhyy I, Chaumont D, Hierso J-C (2011) Highly
dispersed palladium–polypyrrole nanocomposites: in-water synthesis and application for catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics by direct C–H bond activation. Adv Funct Mater
21:1064–1075
77. Widegren JA, Bennett MA, Finke RG (2003) Is it homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis?
Identification of bulk ruthenium metal as the true catalyst in benzene hydrogenations starting
with the monometallic precursor, Ru(II)(η6-C6Me6)(OAc)2, plus kinetic characterization of the
heterogeneous nucleation, then autocatalytic surface-growth mechanism of metal film formation. J Am Chem Soc 125:10301–10310
78. Williams TJ, Reay AJ, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS (2014) A mild and selective Pd-mediated
methodology for the synthesis of highly fluorescent 2-arylated tryptophans and tryptophancontaining peptides: a catalytic role for Pd0 nanoparticles? Chem Commun 50:3052–3054
79. Yano H, Nakajima Y, Obora Y (2013) N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized palladium
nanoclusters as catalyst for Migita–Kosugi–Stille cross-coupling reactions. J Organomet
Chem 745:258–261
80. Zhang M, Zhang Y, Jie X, Zhao H, Li G, Su W (2014) Recent advances in directed C–H
functionalizations using monodentate nitrogen-based directing groups. Org Chem Front
1:843–895
81. Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chin Paau M, Hu Q, Gong X, Shuang S, Dong C, Peng X, Choi MMF
(2015) High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for analysis
of ultrasmall palladium nanoparticles. Talanta 131:632–639
82. Zhao F, Bhanage BM, Shirai M, Arai M (2000) Heck reactions of Iodobenzene and methyl
acrylate with conventional supported palladium catalysts in the presence of organic and/and
inorganic bases without ligands. Chem Eur J 6:843–848
83. Zhao Y, Du L, Li H, Xie W, Chen J (2019) Is the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in the
presence of Pd nanoparticles heterogeneously or homogeneously catalyzed? An interfacial
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy study. J Phys Chem Lett 10:1286–1291
Further Reading
2
Eremin DB, Ananikov VP (2017) Coord Chem Rev 346:2–19. A discussion of possibilities of the
nature of the catalyst species in cross-coupling reactions
2 The following references are recommended further reading in the form of book chapters
and reviews.
204
I. J. S. Fairlamb and N. W. J. Scott
proof of leaching. Angew Chem Int Ed 45:2886–2890
73. Vásquez-Céspedes S, Chepiga KM, Möller N, Schäfer AH, Glorius F (2016) Direct C–H
Arylation of Heteroarenes with copper impregnated on magnetite as a reusable catalyst:
evidence for CuO nanoparticle catalysis in solution. ACS Catal 6:5954–5961
74. Whitesides GM, Hackett M, Brainard RL, Lavalleye JPPM, Sowinski AF, Izumi AN, Moore
SS, Brown DW, Staudt EM (1985) Suppression of unwanted heterogeneous platinum(0)catalyzed reactions by poisoning with mercury(0) in systems involving competing homogeneous reactions of soluble organoplatinum compounds: thermal decomposition of bis
(triethylphosphine)-3,3,4,4-tetramethylplatinacyclopentane. Organometallics 4:1819–1830
75. Widegren JA, Finke RG (2003) A review of the problem of distinguishing true homogeneous
catalysis from soluble or other metal-particle heterogeneous catalysis under reducing conditions. J Mol Catal A Chem 198:317–341
76. Zinovyeva VA, Vorotyntsev MA, Bezverkhyy I, Chaumont D, Hierso J-C (2011) Highly
dispersed palladium–polypyrrole nanocomposites: in-water synthesis and application for catalytic arylation of heteroaromatics by direct C–H bond activation. Adv Funct Mater
21:1064–1075
77. Widegren JA, Bennett MA, Finke RG (2003) Is it homogeneous or heterogeneous catalysis?
Identification of bulk ruthenium metal as the true catalyst in benzene hydrogenations starting
with the monometallic precursor, Ru(II)(η6-C6Me6)(OAc)2, plus kinetic characterization of the
heterogeneous nucleation, then autocatalytic surface-growth mechanism of metal film formation. J Am Chem Soc 125:10301–10310
78. Williams TJ, Reay AJ, Whitwood AC, Fairlamb IJS (2014) A mild and selective Pd-mediated
methodology for the synthesis of highly fluorescent 2-arylated tryptophans and tryptophancontaining peptides: a catalytic role for Pd0 nanoparticles? Chem Commun 50:3052–3054
79. Yano H, Nakajima Y, Obora Y (2013) N,N-Dimethylformamide-stabilized palladium
nanoclusters as catalyst for Migita–Kosugi–Stille cross-coupling reactions. J Organomet
Chem 745:258–261
80. Zhang M, Zhang Y, Jie X, Zhao H, Li G, Su W (2014) Recent advances in directed C–H
functionalizations using monodentate nitrogen-based directing groups. Org Chem Front
1:843–895
81. Zhang L, Li Z, Zhang Y, Chin Paau M, Hu Q, Gong X, Shuang S, Dong C, Peng X, Choi MMF
(2015) High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for analysis
of ultrasmall palladium nanoparticles. Talanta 131:632–639
82. Zhao F, Bhanage BM, Shirai M, Arai M (2000) Heck reactions of Iodobenzene and methyl
acrylate with conventional supported palladium catalysts in the presence of organic and/and
inorganic bases without ligands. Chem Eur J 6:843–848
83. Zhao Y, Du L, Li H, Xie W, Chen J (2019) Is the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction in the
presence of Pd nanoparticles heterogeneously or homogeneously catalyzed? An interfacial
surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy study. J Phys Chem Lett 10:1286–1291
Further Reading
2
Eremin DB, Ananikov VP (2017) Coord Chem Rev 346:2–19. A discussion of possibilities of the
nature of the catalyst species in cross-coupling reactions
2 The following references are recommended further reading in the form of book chapters
and reviews.
204
I. J. S. Fairlamb and N. W. J. Scott