3 Bio-nanotechnology Application in Wastewater Treatment
49
Recently, continuous wave diode laser (CWDL) has more attention which used
in many applications. There is a close link between diode laser beam and metal
nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles respond to laser light. Nanoparticles of different
shapes and sizes were analyzed via laser diode (Beckmann et al. 2012). The detection
of nanoparticle variability is illustrated by thermal light modification (Adler et al.
2008). CWDL is used to release an encapsulated polyelectrolyte capsules based on
laser light irradiation with metal nanoparticle (Skirtach et al. 2004). Similarly, the
absorption ability of metal nanoparticles by photothermal is used in closing wounding
(Matteini et al. 2012).
Diode laser irradiation (DLI) has been developed in photothermal therapy by profiting on the absorption of metal nanoparticles in the blue range (Kelkar et al. 2016).
DLI with a 450 nm light source has a presumed fungicidal impact on C. albicans
biofilm through irradiated silver NPs and provides a reduction of biofilm. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles remediated with a different exposure time of diode laser
irradiation stimulated and produced antifungal impact (Astuti et al. 2017). Irradiation of continuous wave (CW) in conjunction with nanoparticles to realize visible
emission and the capacity to sensor and lighting in complex biological places was
reported (Fernandez-Bravo et al. 2018). Another study comparison of the efficiency
of laser-activated nanoparticles and traditional photodynamic therapy showed that
activated nanoparticles could be used as an adjunct to purify the root canal system
(Afkhami et al. 2017).
Kumpulainen et al. (2011) have reported that laser calcification of nanoparticles using continuous wave allows for short sintering and selective sintering which
makes it possible to produce nanostructures (Kumpulainen et al. 2011). Experimental
probes of the excitation processes of nanoparticles under the excitation of CW were
performed on the foundation of the quantum transition (Zhang et al. 2016). Also,
effective and selective manipulation of various nanoparticles by blue laser irradiation
that is higher in energy through measuring the time of individual partial detention
and preventing movement of particles has been reported (Kudo et al. 2017).
3.5 Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoparticles
The application of nanotechnology in the wastewater treatment has been reported
in the literature (Athirah et al. 2019). Noman et al. (2019) investigated the inactivation of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus
aureus (Gram-positive) seeded in greywater by bimetallic bio-nanoparticles. The
bimetallic nanoparticles (Zn/Cu NPs) were biosynthesized in secondary metabolite of a novel fungal strain identified as Aspergillus iizukae EAN605. The study
revealed high efficiency for Zn/Cu NPs in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S.
aureus. The inactivation mechanism revealed that the bacterial cells were inactivated due to the damage in the cell wall structure as well as the degradation of
carbohydrates and amino structures on the bacteria cell wall. The Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the destruction takes place in
49
Recently, continuous wave diode laser (CWDL) has more attention which used
in many applications. There is a close link between diode laser beam and metal
nanoparticles. Metal nanoparticles respond to laser light. Nanoparticles of different
shapes and sizes were analyzed via laser diode (Beckmann et al. 2012). The detection
of nanoparticle variability is illustrated by thermal light modification (Adler et al.
2008). CWDL is used to release an encapsulated polyelectrolyte capsules based on
laser light irradiation with metal nanoparticle (Skirtach et al. 2004). Similarly, the
absorption ability of metal nanoparticles by photothermal is used in closing wounding
(Matteini et al. 2012).
Diode laser irradiation (DLI) has been developed in photothermal therapy by profiting on the absorption of metal nanoparticles in the blue range (Kelkar et al. 2016).
DLI with a 450 nm light source has a presumed fungicidal impact on C. albicans
biofilm through irradiated silver NPs and provides a reduction of biofilm. Furthermore, silver nanoparticles remediated with a different exposure time of diode laser
irradiation stimulated and produced antifungal impact (Astuti et al. 2017). Irradiation of continuous wave (CW) in conjunction with nanoparticles to realize visible
emission and the capacity to sensor and lighting in complex biological places was
reported (Fernandez-Bravo et al. 2018). Another study comparison of the efficiency
of laser-activated nanoparticles and traditional photodynamic therapy showed that
activated nanoparticles could be used as an adjunct to purify the root canal system
(Afkhami et al. 2017).
Kumpulainen et al. (2011) have reported that laser calcification of nanoparticles using continuous wave allows for short sintering and selective sintering which
makes it possible to produce nanostructures (Kumpulainen et al. 2011). Experimental
probes of the excitation processes of nanoparticles under the excitation of CW were
performed on the foundation of the quantum transition (Zhang et al. 2016). Also,
effective and selective manipulation of various nanoparticles by blue laser irradiation
that is higher in energy through measuring the time of individual partial detention
and preventing movement of particles has been reported (Kudo et al. 2017).
3.5 Antimicrobial Activity of Nanoparticles
The application of nanotechnology in the wastewater treatment has been reported
in the literature (Athirah et al. 2019). Noman et al. (2019) investigated the inactivation of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus
aureus (Gram-positive) seeded in greywater by bimetallic bio-nanoparticles. The
bimetallic nanoparticles (Zn/Cu NPs) were biosynthesized in secondary metabolite of a novel fungal strain identified as Aspergillus iizukae EAN605. The study
revealed high efficiency for Zn/Cu NPs in inhibiting the growth of E. coli and S.
aureus. The inactivation mechanism revealed that the bacterial cells were inactivated due to the damage in the cell wall structure as well as the degradation of
carbohydrates and amino structures on the bacteria cell wall. The Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed that the destruction takes place in