48
S. S. Habtoor et al.
in lattice energy that produces sequent fragmentation of the nanomaterials (Link et al.
1999). However, not only pulse width has effects related but also the pulse energy,
high-energy short pulses, and low-energy long pulses also can produce melting and
fragmentation of nanomaterials. When the nanostructures are irradiated by a short
laser pulse, the electromagnetic field is magnified at the point where a sudden change
occurs in shape. This leads to a sudden concentration of energy at that stage, leading
to fragmentation of particle (Ueno et al. 2008). Evaporation, melting, or both occur
on the surface of the particle due to temperature imbalance between the surface of
the particle and the internal, which is likely to fragment the particles.
In contrast to the theory of photothermal evaporation, this Colombian explosion
model indicates that electron thermal emission occurs with the relaxation of the
electron-photon (Yamada et al. 2007; Werner et al. 2011). NPs surface melt when
the lattice temperature reaches 700 K, which gives rise to reshape phenomena, while
increase in structure temperature up to 1337 K will melt metal NPs. Accompanied
temperature increase thermionic emission of the electrons, which might go up to
the critical state of the colloid nanoparticle, which in turnover becomes unstilled and
breaks up into smaller droplets (Pyatenko et al. 2013). The laser-induced size decrease
has attracted the necessary attention from many researchers in the associated fields.
This phenomenon contains the essential aspects of the interaction between nanoparticles and laser irradiation such as how photon energy flowing within nanoparticles
results in a devastating event. Besides, the method might be used to control particle and distribution size in laser-pulse-based nanoparticles generation (Semaltianos
2010).
3.4.5 Fabrication of Colloid Nanostructures Using Laser
Irradiation of NPs
Modification of the optical properties through the reshaping of optical structures
is possible. Further, the production of high monodisperse metal nanostructures has
been reported by the reshaping of colloidal metal nanoparticles utilizing laser irradiation at 532 nm nanosecond (Bueno-Alejo et al. 2012). The combination of laser
pulses with metal NPs is still under emergence, it is vital to utilize in chemical and
biochemical processes. For example, the wide area of high temperatures reached
by excitation of metallic nanoparticles with short laser pulses might lead to new
advances in practical catalysis and organic chemistry (González-Rubio et al. 2016).
Synthesis of metal NPs with high purity, small size, and narrow size distribution is
essential in the fields of medicine and electronics applications. Silver nanoparticles
have antibacterial properties; it is considered to be a powerful contender in the critical
study for a response to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Researchers have used pulsed
laser irradiation to discover the bacterial effect. This is promised development in the
combat against antibacterial resistance.
S. S. Habtoor et al.
in lattice energy that produces sequent fragmentation of the nanomaterials (Link et al.
1999). However, not only pulse width has effects related but also the pulse energy,
high-energy short pulses, and low-energy long pulses also can produce melting and
fragmentation of nanomaterials. When the nanostructures are irradiated by a short
laser pulse, the electromagnetic field is magnified at the point where a sudden change
occurs in shape. This leads to a sudden concentration of energy at that stage, leading
to fragmentation of particle (Ueno et al. 2008). Evaporation, melting, or both occur
on the surface of the particle due to temperature imbalance between the surface of
the particle and the internal, which is likely to fragment the particles.
In contrast to the theory of photothermal evaporation, this Colombian explosion
model indicates that electron thermal emission occurs with the relaxation of the
electron-photon (Yamada et al. 2007; Werner et al. 2011). NPs surface melt when
the lattice temperature reaches 700 K, which gives rise to reshape phenomena, while
increase in structure temperature up to 1337 K will melt metal NPs. Accompanied
temperature increase thermionic emission of the electrons, which might go up to
the critical state of the colloid nanoparticle, which in turnover becomes unstilled and
breaks up into smaller droplets (Pyatenko et al. 2013). The laser-induced size decrease
has attracted the necessary attention from many researchers in the associated fields.
This phenomenon contains the essential aspects of the interaction between nanoparticles and laser irradiation such as how photon energy flowing within nanoparticles
results in a devastating event. Besides, the method might be used to control particle and distribution size in laser-pulse-based nanoparticles generation (Semaltianos
2010).
3.4.5 Fabrication of Colloid Nanostructures Using Laser
Irradiation of NPs
Modification of the optical properties through the reshaping of optical structures
is possible. Further, the production of high monodisperse metal nanostructures has
been reported by the reshaping of colloidal metal nanoparticles utilizing laser irradiation at 532 nm nanosecond (Bueno-Alejo et al. 2012). The combination of laser
pulses with metal NPs is still under emergence, it is vital to utilize in chemical and
biochemical processes. For example, the wide area of high temperatures reached
by excitation of metallic nanoparticles with short laser pulses might lead to new
advances in practical catalysis and organic chemistry (González-Rubio et al. 2016).
Synthesis of metal NPs with high purity, small size, and narrow size distribution is
essential in the fields of medicine and electronics applications. Silver nanoparticles
have antibacterial properties; it is considered to be a powerful contender in the critical
study for a response to antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Researchers have used pulsed
laser irradiation to discover the bacterial effect. This is promised development in the
combat against antibacterial resistance.