7 Reduction of Seafood Processing Wastewater …
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from wastewater as organic dissolved and constantly produce and convert the remaining to new cells that are removed by gravity separation settlement. Seafood wastewater consists of very less amount of non-biodegradable portion. In aerobic processes
carbon dioxide is released, whereas anaerobic processes release carbon dioxide and
methane (Chowdhury et al. 2010; Metcalf and Eddy 2004; Dadi et al. 2018). In biological treatment, the growth can be either suspended growth processes or attached
growth processes.
The principle of biological process used for wastewater treatment could be divided
into two main categories, namely suspended growth and attached growth or (biofilm)
processes. Suspended growth systems are principally aerobic processes with more
biomass (Wang et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009; Zhang 2009). It enhances the conversion of biodegradable organic materials in wastewater constituents and certain
inorganic fraction into cell masses. The available suspended growth systems include
complete mix and series flow system with high rate, extended aeration system, contact stabilization and tapered aeration modification system and deep shaft system,
and pure oxygen (Vesilind 2003). These processes are used in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant under aerobic condition. However, suspended growth
anaerobic reactors are used in high organic concentration industrial wastewater and
organic sludge treatment (EPA 2003; Metcalf and Eddy 2004; Chan et al. 2010).
This technology is based on the principle that microorganisms grow as microbial
layer on a given surface (medium like polyethylene material and plastic), and this
surface is exposed to the wastewater for adsorption of organic material and to the
atmosphere for oxygen (Bathe et al. 2010). The beds in the installation of fixed-film
biological treatment are rectangular shaped while circular beds with rotary distributors are later introduced. An attach growth bioreactor also minimizes the adverse
effects of the suspended microorganisms on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor (Vesilind 2003; Van Den Hende et al. 2014; Bustillo-Lecompte
et al. 2016). The main advantages are higher biomass concentration in the reactor
tank corresponding to lower wastage of biomass, consortia of aerobic and anoxic
metabolic activity within the same biomass ecosystem; lower sensitivity to toxicity
and other adverse effects; and upgraded conventional treatment system to existing
system at low cost (Loukidou and Zouboulis 2001; Bohdziewicz and Sroka 2005;
Chang et al. 2010).
7.3.2 Aerobic Process
Nitrogen and phosphorus are most commonly used as nutrient in seafood processing
wastewater; however, oxygen-supplying condition is very important to increase efficiency and successfulness of operation (Wang et al. 2010). The aerobic operations
are commonly used in many systems such as activated sludge systems, lagoons, trickling filters, and rotating disc contactors. Describe the following reaction is occurring
during the aerobic process:
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from wastewater as organic dissolved and constantly produce and convert the remaining to new cells that are removed by gravity separation settlement. Seafood wastewater consists of very less amount of non-biodegradable portion. In aerobic processes
carbon dioxide is released, whereas anaerobic processes release carbon dioxide and
methane (Chowdhury et al. 2010; Metcalf and Eddy 2004; Dadi et al. 2018). In biological treatment, the growth can be either suspended growth processes or attached
growth processes.
The principle of biological process used for wastewater treatment could be divided
into two main categories, namely suspended growth and attached growth or (biofilm)
processes. Suspended growth systems are principally aerobic processes with more
biomass (Wang et al. 2009; Zhang et al. 2009; Zhang 2009). It enhances the conversion of biodegradable organic materials in wastewater constituents and certain
inorganic fraction into cell masses. The available suspended growth systems include
complete mix and series flow system with high rate, extended aeration system, contact stabilization and tapered aeration modification system and deep shaft system,
and pure oxygen (Vesilind 2003). These processes are used in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plant under aerobic condition. However, suspended growth
anaerobic reactors are used in high organic concentration industrial wastewater and
organic sludge treatment (EPA 2003; Metcalf and Eddy 2004; Chan et al. 2010).
This technology is based on the principle that microorganisms grow as microbial
layer on a given surface (medium like polyethylene material and plastic), and this
surface is exposed to the wastewater for adsorption of organic material and to the
atmosphere for oxygen (Bathe et al. 2010). The beds in the installation of fixed-film
biological treatment are rectangular shaped while circular beds with rotary distributors are later introduced. An attach growth bioreactor also minimizes the adverse
effects of the suspended microorganisms on membrane fouling in submerged membrane bioreactor (Vesilind 2003; Van Den Hende et al. 2014; Bustillo-Lecompte
et al. 2016). The main advantages are higher biomass concentration in the reactor
tank corresponding to lower wastage of biomass, consortia of aerobic and anoxic
metabolic activity within the same biomass ecosystem; lower sensitivity to toxicity
and other adverse effects; and upgraded conventional treatment system to existing
system at low cost (Loukidou and Zouboulis 2001; Bohdziewicz and Sroka 2005;
Chang et al. 2010).
7.3.2 Aerobic Process
Nitrogen and phosphorus are most commonly used as nutrient in seafood processing
wastewater; however, oxygen-supplying condition is very important to increase efficiency and successfulness of operation (Wang et al. 2010). The aerobic operations
are commonly used in many systems such as activated sludge systems, lagoons, trickling filters, and rotating disc contactors. Describe the following reaction is occurring
during the aerobic process: