489
Table 28.3 Summary of LC50s and EC50s toxicity from standard acute and chronic wholeorganism toxicity tests. Study selection was based on the following criteria: tested oil, MC252 or
surrogate oil; hydrocarbon metric (TPAH or ∑50PAH- MC 252 AQAP, 2011); and endpoint,
mortality, growth (i.e., abnormalities, development, hatching failure), or reproduction (i.e.,
fertilization, viability)
Species
Physically dispersed oil
Chemically dispersed oil
Number
of
toxicity
records
Concentration
(mg/L)
References
Number
of
toxicity
records
Concentration
(mg/L)
Reference
LC50
Crustaceans
Acartia tonsa
3
0.05 ± 0.04
9
–
–
–
Americamysis
bahia
19
0.10 ± 0.28
2, 5
22
0.02 ± 0.02
2, 5
Callinectes
sapidus
10
0.15 ± 0.29
2, 9
6
0.04 ± 0.02
2, 9
Litopenaeus
setiferus
2
0.41 ± 0.11
2, 9
2
0.11 ± 0.04
2
Litopenaeus
vannamei
3
0.12 ± 0.03
2
–
–
–
Palaemonetes
pugio
–
–
–
4
0.12 ± 0.01
9
Uca longisignalis 4
0.008 ± 0.005 2, 9
–
–
–
Fish
Anchoa mitchilli
6
0.41 ± 0.64
2, 3
2
4.36 ± 0.56
3
Coryphaena
hippurus
29
0.13 ± 0.19
2, 4, 9
13
0.11 ± 0.25
2, 4, 9
Cynoscion
nebulosus
9
0.06 ± 0.12
2, 9
4
0.07 ± 0.11
2, 9
Cyprinodon
variegatus
15
0.61 ± 0.65
2
22
0.18 ± 0.18
2
Fundulus grandis –
–
–
2
0.36 ± 0.20
2
Lutjanus
campechanus
2
0.04 ± 0.01
2
–
–
–
Menidia beryllina 4
0.04 ± 0.04
5
9
0.05 ± 0.04
5, 9
Paralichthys
lethostigma
1
0.03
2
–
–
–
Rachycentron
canadum
5
0.06 ± 0.03
9
–
–
–
Sciaenops
ocellatus
25
0.31 ± 0.86
1, 2, 7, 9
5
0.08 ± 0.04
2, 9
Thunnus albacares 7
0.03 ± 0.05
2, 9
–
–
–
Thunnus maccoyii 5
0.004 ± 0.002 9
–
–
–
Mollusk
Crassostrea
virginica
18
0.05 ± 0.04
2, 8, 9, 11,
13, 14
20
0.08 ± 0.09
2, 8, 9,
11, 13, 14
(continued)
28 A Synthesis of DWH Oil: Chemical Dispersant and Chemically Dispersed Oil…