24. Wielgomas B, Nahorski W, Czarnowski W (2013) Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid
metabolites in the convenience sample of an urban population of northern Poland. Int J Hyg
Environ Health 216:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.09.001
25. Couture C, Fortin M-C, Carrier G, Dumas P, Tremblay C, Bouchard M (2009) Assessment of
exposure to pyrethroids and pyrethrins in a rural population of the Montérégie Area, Quebec,
Canada. J Occup Environ Hyg 6:341–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620902850907
26. Guo XY, Sun LS, Huang MY, Xu WL, Wang Y, Wang N (2017) Simultaneous determination
of eight metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in urine. J Environ Sci Heal
B 52:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1224695
27. Smith PA, Thompson MJ, Edwards JW (2002) Estimating occupational exposure to the
pyrethroid termiticide bifenthrin by measuring metabolites in urine. J Chromatogr B Anal
Technol Biomed Life Sci 778:113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00440-6
28. Lin C-H, Yan C-T, Kumar PV, Li H-P, Jen J-F (2011) Determination of pyrethroid metabolites
in human urine using liquid phase microextraction coupled in-syringe derivatization followed
by gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:927–937. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5122-0
29. Baker SE, Olsson AO, Barr DB (2004) Isotope dilution high-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying urinary metabolites of
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46:281–288. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00244-003-3044-3
30. Olsson AO, Baker SE, Nguyen JV, Romanoff LC, Udunka SO, Walker RD, Flemmen KL, Barr
DB (2004) A liquid chromatographyÀtandem mass spectrometry multiresidue method for
quantification of specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids,
selected herbicides, and DEET in human urine. Anal Chem 76:2453–2461. https://doi.org/10.
1021/ac0355404
31. Zhang J, Hisada A, Yoshinaga J, Shiraishi H, Shimodaira K, Okai T, Noda Y, Shirakawa M,
Kato N (2013) Exposure to pyrethroids insecticides and serum levels of thyroid-related
measures in pregnant women. Environ Res 127:16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.
10.001
32. Ratelle M, Côté J, Bouchard M (2016) Time courses and variability of pyrethroid biomarkers of
exposure in a group of agricultural workers in Quebec, Canada. Int Arch Occup Environ Health
89:767–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1114-x
33. Tao L, Chen M, Collins E, Lu C (2013) Simultaneous quantitation of seven pyrethroid
metabolites in human urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci
36:773–780. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201200655
34. Roca M, Miralles-Marco A, Ferré J, Pérez R, Yusà V (2014) Biomonitoring exposure assessment to contemporary pesticides in a school children population of Spain. Environ Res
131:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.009
35. Ratelle M, Coté J, Bouchard M (2015) Time profiles and toxicokinetic parameters of key
biomarkers of exposure to cypermethrin in orally exposed volunteers compared with previously
available kinetic data following permethrin exposure. J Appl Toxicol 35:1586–1593. https://
doi.org/10.1002/jat.3124
36. Ferland S, Côté J, Ratelle M, Thuot R, Bouchard M (2015) Detailed urinary excretion time
courses of biomarkers of exposure to permethrin and estimated exposure in workers of a corn
production farm in Quebec, Canada. Ann Occup Hyg 59:1152–1167. https://doi.org/10.1093/
annhyg/mev059
37. López-García M, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A (2019) Monitoring of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in human urine samples by an automated method
(TurboFlowTM) coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass
spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 173:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.018
38. Ahn KC, Ma SJ, Tsai HJ, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (2006) An immunoassay for a urinary
metabolite as a biomarker of human exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. Anal
Bioanal Chem 384:713–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0220-5
Analytical Methods for Determination Urinary Metabolites of Synthetic. . .
79
metabolites in the convenience sample of an urban population of northern Poland. Int J Hyg
Environ Health 216:295–300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2012.09.001
25. Couture C, Fortin M-C, Carrier G, Dumas P, Tremblay C, Bouchard M (2009) Assessment of
exposure to pyrethroids and pyrethrins in a rural population of the Montérégie Area, Quebec,
Canada. J Occup Environ Hyg 6:341–352. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459620902850907
26. Guo XY, Sun LS, Huang MY, Xu WL, Wang Y, Wang N (2017) Simultaneous determination
of eight metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in urine. J Environ Sci Heal
B 52:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2016.1224695
27. Smith PA, Thompson MJ, Edwards JW (2002) Estimating occupational exposure to the
pyrethroid termiticide bifenthrin by measuring metabolites in urine. J Chromatogr B Anal
Technol Biomed Life Sci 778:113–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4347(01)00440-6
28. Lin C-H, Yan C-T, Kumar PV, Li H-P, Jen J-F (2011) Determination of pyrethroid metabolites
in human urine using liquid phase microextraction coupled in-syringe derivatization followed
by gas chromatography/electron capture detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:927–937. https://
doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-5122-0
29. Baker SE, Olsson AO, Barr DB (2004) Isotope dilution high-performance liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for quantifying urinary metabolites of
synthetic pyrethroid insecticides. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46:281–288. https://doi.org/
10.1007/s00244-003-3044-3
30. Olsson AO, Baker SE, Nguyen JV, Romanoff LC, Udunka SO, Walker RD, Flemmen KL, Barr
DB (2004) A liquid chromatographyÀtandem mass spectrometry multiresidue method for
quantification of specific metabolites of organophosphorus pesticides, synthetic pyrethroids,
selected herbicides, and DEET in human urine. Anal Chem 76:2453–2461. https://doi.org/10.
1021/ac0355404
31. Zhang J, Hisada A, Yoshinaga J, Shiraishi H, Shimodaira K, Okai T, Noda Y, Shirakawa M,
Kato N (2013) Exposure to pyrethroids insecticides and serum levels of thyroid-related
measures in pregnant women. Environ Res 127:16–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2013.
10.001
32. Ratelle M, Côté J, Bouchard M (2016) Time courses and variability of pyrethroid biomarkers of
exposure in a group of agricultural workers in Quebec, Canada. Int Arch Occup Environ Health
89:767–783. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-016-1114-x
33. Tao L, Chen M, Collins E, Lu C (2013) Simultaneous quantitation of seven pyrethroid
metabolites in human urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci
36:773–780. https://doi.org/10.1002/jssc.201200655
34. Roca M, Miralles-Marco A, Ferré J, Pérez R, Yusà V (2014) Biomonitoring exposure assessment to contemporary pesticides in a school children population of Spain. Environ Res
131:77–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2014.02.009
35. Ratelle M, Coté J, Bouchard M (2015) Time profiles and toxicokinetic parameters of key
biomarkers of exposure to cypermethrin in orally exposed volunteers compared with previously
available kinetic data following permethrin exposure. J Appl Toxicol 35:1586–1593. https://
doi.org/10.1002/jat.3124
36. Ferland S, Côté J, Ratelle M, Thuot R, Bouchard M (2015) Detailed urinary excretion time
courses of biomarkers of exposure to permethrin and estimated exposure in workers of a corn
production farm in Quebec, Canada. Ann Occup Hyg 59:1152–1167. https://doi.org/10.1093/
annhyg/mev059
37. López-García M, Romero-González R, Garrido Frenich A (2019) Monitoring of organophosphate and pyrethroid metabolites in human urine samples by an automated method
(TurboFlowTM) coupled to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap mass
spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 173:31–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.018
38. Ahn KC, Ma SJ, Tsai HJ, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (2006) An immunoassay for a urinary
metabolite as a biomarker of human exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin. Anal
Bioanal Chem 384:713–722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0220-5
Analytical Methods for Determination Urinary Metabolites of Synthetic. . .
79