39. Ahn KC, Gee SJ, Kim HJ, Aronov PA, Vega H, Krieger RI, Hammock BD (2011) Immunochemical analysis of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, a biomarker of forestry worker exposure to
pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:1285–1293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216011-5184-z
40. Chuang JC, Van Emon JM, Trejo RM, Durnford J (2011) Biological monitoring of
3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Talanta
83:1317–1323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.07.077
41. Kim HJ, Ki CA, Seung JM, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (2007) Development of sensitive immunoassays for the detection of the glucuronide conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, a putative
human urinary biomarker for pyrethroid exposure. J Agric Food Chem 55:3750–3757. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jf063282g
42. Kim HJ, McCoy MR, Majkova Z, Dechant JE, Gee SJ, Tabares-Da Rosa S, González-Sapienza
GG, Hammock BD (2012) Isolation of alpaca anti-hapten heavy chain single domain antibodies
for development of sensitive immunoassay. Anal Chem 84:1165–1171. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ac2030255
43. Shan G, Wengatz I, Stoutamire DW, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (1999) An enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay for the detection of esfenvalerate metabolites in human urine. Chem
Res Toxicol 12:1033–1041. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx990091h
44. Shan G, Huang H, Stoutamire DW, Gee SJ, Leng G, Hammock BD (2004) A sensitive class
specific immunoassay for the detection of pyrethroid metabolites in human urine. Chem Res
Toxicol 17:218–225. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx034220c
45. Thiphom S, Prapamontol T, Chantara S, Mangklabruks A, Suphavilai C, Ahn KC, Gee SJ,
Hammock BD (2014) Determination of the pyrethroid insecticide metabolite 3-PBA in plasma
and urine samples from farmer and consumer groups in northern Thailand. J Environ Sci Health
B 49:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2013.836862
46. Ki CA, Lohstroh P, Gee SJ, Gee NA, Lasley B, Hammock BD (2007) High-throughput
automated luminescent magnetic particle-based immunoassay to monitor human exposure to
pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Chem 79:8883–8890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070675l
47. Huo J, Li Z, Wan D, Li D, Qi M, Barnych B, Vasylieva N, Zhang J, Hammock BD (2018)
Development of a highly sensitive direct competitive fluorescence enzyme immunoassay based
on a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein for detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in
urine. J Agric Food Chem 66:11284–11290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04521
48. Kim HJ, Ahn KC, González-Techera A, González-Sapienza GG, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (2009)
Magnetic bead-based phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) for the detection of the
urinary biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid to assess human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides.
Anal Biochem 386:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2008.12.003
49. Kim HJ, McCoy M, Gee SJ, González-Sapienza GG, Hammock BD (2011) Noncompetitive
phage anti-immunocomplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for sensitive detection of small
molecules. Anal Chem 83:246–253. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102353z
50. Matveeva EG, Shan G, Kennedy IM, Gee SJ, Stoutamire DW, Hammock BD (2001) Homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay of a pyrethroid metabolite in urine. Anal Chim Acta 444:103–117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01161-8
51. Pandey V, Chauhan A, Pandey G, Mudiam MKR (2015) Optical sensing of 3-phenoxybenzoic
acid as a pyrethroid pesticides exposure marker by surface imprinting polymer capped on
manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots. Anal Chem Res 5:21–27. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ancr.2015.06.002
52. Ahn KC, Lohstroh P, Gee SJ, Gee NA, Lasley B, Hammock BD (2007) High-throughput
automated luminescent magnetic particle-based immunoassay to monitor human exposure to
pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Chem 79:88838890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070675l
53. Kim H, McCoy M, Gee SJ, González-sapienza GG, Hammock BD (2011) Noncompetitive
phage anti-immunocomplex real-time PCR (PHAIA-PCR) for sensitive detection of small
molecules. Anal Chem 83:246–253. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102353z
80
B. Wielgomas et al.
pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:1285–1293. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216011-5184-z
40. Chuang JC, Van Emon JM, Trejo RM, Durnford J (2011) Biological monitoring of
3-phenoxybenzoic acid in urine by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Talanta
83:1317–1323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2010.07.077
41. Kim HJ, Ki CA, Seung JM, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (2007) Development of sensitive immunoassays for the detection of the glucuronide conjugate of 3-phenoxybenzyl alcohol, a putative
human urinary biomarker for pyrethroid exposure. J Agric Food Chem 55:3750–3757. https://
doi.org/10.1021/jf063282g
42. Kim HJ, McCoy MR, Majkova Z, Dechant JE, Gee SJ, Tabares-Da Rosa S, González-Sapienza
GG, Hammock BD (2012) Isolation of alpaca anti-hapten heavy chain single domain antibodies
for development of sensitive immunoassay. Anal Chem 84:1165–1171. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ac2030255
43. Shan G, Wengatz I, Stoutamire DW, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (1999) An enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay for the detection of esfenvalerate metabolites in human urine. Chem
Res Toxicol 12:1033–1041. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx990091h
44. Shan G, Huang H, Stoutamire DW, Gee SJ, Leng G, Hammock BD (2004) A sensitive class
specific immunoassay for the detection of pyrethroid metabolites in human urine. Chem Res
Toxicol 17:218–225. https://doi.org/10.1021/tx034220c
45. Thiphom S, Prapamontol T, Chantara S, Mangklabruks A, Suphavilai C, Ahn KC, Gee SJ,
Hammock BD (2014) Determination of the pyrethroid insecticide metabolite 3-PBA in plasma
and urine samples from farmer and consumer groups in northern Thailand. J Environ Sci Health
B 49:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601234.2013.836862
46. Ki CA, Lohstroh P, Gee SJ, Gee NA, Lasley B, Hammock BD (2007) High-throughput
automated luminescent magnetic particle-based immunoassay to monitor human exposure to
pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Chem 79:8883–8890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070675l
47. Huo J, Li Z, Wan D, Li D, Qi M, Barnych B, Vasylieva N, Zhang J, Hammock BD (2018)
Development of a highly sensitive direct competitive fluorescence enzyme immunoassay based
on a nanobody-alkaline phosphatase fusion protein for detection of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in
urine. J Agric Food Chem 66:11284–11290. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04521
48. Kim HJ, Ahn KC, González-Techera A, González-Sapienza GG, Gee SJ, Hammock BD (2009)
Magnetic bead-based phage anti-immunocomplex assay (PHAIA) for the detection of the
urinary biomarker 3-phenoxybenzoic acid to assess human exposure to pyrethroid insecticides.
Anal Biochem 386:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ab.2008.12.003
49. Kim HJ, McCoy M, Gee SJ, González-Sapienza GG, Hammock BD (2011) Noncompetitive
phage anti-immunocomplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for sensitive detection of small
molecules. Anal Chem 83:246–253. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102353z
50. Matveeva EG, Shan G, Kennedy IM, Gee SJ, Stoutamire DW, Hammock BD (2001) Homogeneous fluoroimmunoassay of a pyrethroid metabolite in urine. Anal Chim Acta 444:103–117.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(01)01161-8
51. Pandey V, Chauhan A, Pandey G, Mudiam MKR (2015) Optical sensing of 3-phenoxybenzoic
acid as a pyrethroid pesticides exposure marker by surface imprinting polymer capped on
manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots. Anal Chem Res 5:21–27. https://doi.org/10.
1016/j.ancr.2015.06.002
52. Ahn KC, Lohstroh P, Gee SJ, Gee NA, Lasley B, Hammock BD (2007) High-throughput
automated luminescent magnetic particle-based immunoassay to monitor human exposure to
pyrethroid insecticides. Anal Chem 79:88838890. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac070675l
53. Kim H, McCoy M, Gee SJ, González-sapienza GG, Hammock BD (2011) Noncompetitive
phage anti-immunocomplex real-time PCR (PHAIA-PCR) for sensitive detection of small
molecules. Anal Chem 83:246–253. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac102353z
80
B. Wielgomas et al.