Table 6
(continued)
Reference
and study
Location
Design
Study dates
Population sample
size
Exposure assessment
Pesticides/
metabolites
Outcomes of interest
Main pyrethroid
findings
Fiedler et al.,
2015
[64]
Thailand
Cross-sectional
study
Period not
indicated
53 children (6–
8 years of age)
Child spot urine sample on the day of tests
Metabolites of pyrethroids (3-PBA and
cis-/trans-DCCA)
(high/low pesticide
use season)
Neurobehavioral tests
by trained examiner
(computerized tests
adapted from Behavioral Assessment and
Research System
(BARS) and Pediatric
Environmental
Neurobehavioral Test
Battery)
(outcomes: response
speed and coordination, divided attention; dexterity,
eye-hand coordination, memory and
attention, recall and
recognition memory,
information
processing speed,
visual memory and
sustained attention)
Metabolites not significant predictors of
adverse
neurobehavioral
performance
Oulhote
et al., 2013
[65]
Canada
Cross-sectional
Subset from the
Canadian Health
Measures Survey
2007–2009
1,030 children (6–
11 years of age)
Child spot urine sample (within 2 weeks of
questionnaire
completion)
Metabolites of pyrethroids (3-PBA, cisand trans-DCCA, cisDBCA, 4-F-3-PBA)
Behavioral problems
(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
SDQ subscales: emotional symptoms,
conduct problems,
No association with
levels of 3-PBA
Association between
levels of cis-DCCA
and high scores of
total difficulties (OR;
290
A.-M. Saillenfait and S. Malard