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125. Fallang A, Denholm I, Horsberg TE, Williamson MS (2005) Novel point mutation in the
sodium channel gene of pyrethroid-resistant sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Crustacea:
Copepoda). Dis Aquat Org 65:129–136. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao065129
126. Bakke MJ, Agusti C, Bruusgaard JC, Sundaram AYM, Horsberg TE (2018) Deltamethrin
resistance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer): maternal inheritance and
reduced apoptosis. Sci Rep 8(1):8450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26420-6
127. Hopkins BW, Pietrantonio PV (2010) The Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
voltage-gated sodium channel and mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in fieldcollected adult males. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 40(5):385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ibmb.2010.03.004
128. Usherwood PN, Davies TG, Mellor IR, O’Reilly AO, Peng F, Vais H, Khambay BP,
Field LM, Williamson MS (2007) Mutations in DIIS5 and the DIIS4-S5 linker of Drosophila
melanogaster sodium channel define binding domains for pyrethroids and DDT. FEBS Lett
581(28):5485–5492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.057
129. O’Reilly AO, Khambay BP, Williamson MS, Field LM, Wallace BA, Davies TG (2006)
Modeling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Biochem J 396
(2):255–263. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20051925
144
K. M. Major and S. M. Brander
Zool 69:109–118
115. Carmona-Antonanzas G, Helgesen KO, Humble JL, Tschesche C, Bakke MJ, Gamble L,
Bekaert M, Bassett DI, Horsberg TE, Bron JE, Sturm A (2019) Mutations in voltage-gated
sodium channels from pyrethroid resistant salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis). Pest Manag
Sci 75(2):527–536. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.5151
116. Nayak P (2002) Aluminum: impacts and disease. Environ Res 89(2):101–115. https://doi.org/
10.1006/enrs.2002.4352
117. Boxaspen K (2006) A review of the biology and genetics of sea lice. ICES J Mar Sci 63
(7):1304–1316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2006.04.017
118. Helgesen KO, Bravo S, Sevatdal S, Mendoza J, Horsberg TE (2014) Deltamethrin resistance
in the sea louse Caligus rogercresseyi (Boxhall and Bravo) in Chile: bioassay results and
usage data for antiparasitic agents with references to Norwegian conditions. J Fish Dis 37
(10):877–890. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12223
119. Urbina MA, Cumillaf JP, Paschke K, Gebauer P (2019) Effects of pharmaceuticals used to
treat salmon lice on non-target species: evidence from a systematic review. Sci Total Environ
649:1124–1136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.334
120. Aaen SM, Helgesen KO, Bakke MJ, Kaur K, Horsberg TE (2015) Drug resistance in sea lice: a
threat to salmonid aquaculture. Trends Parasitol 31(2):72–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.
2014.12.006
121. Jackson D, Moberg O, Stenevik Djupevag EM, Kane F, Hareide H (2018) The drivers of sea
lice management policies and how best to integrate them into a risk management strategy: an
ecosystem approach to sea lice management. J Fish Dis 41(6):927–933. https://doi.org/10.
1111/jfd.12705
122. Sevatdal S, Copley L, Wallace C, Jackson D, Horsberg TE (2005) Monitoring of the
sensitivity of sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) to pyrethroids in Norway, Ireland and
Scotland using bioassays and probit modelling. Aquaculture 244(1–4):19–27. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.11.009
123. Carmona-Antonanzas G, Humble JL, Carmichael SN, Heumann J, Christie HR, Green DM,
Bassett DI, Bron JE, Sturm A (2016) Time-to-response toxicity analysis as a method for drug
susceptibility assessment in salmon lice. Aquaculture 464:570–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
aquaculture.2016.08.007
124. Carmona-Antonanzas G, Bekaert M, Humble JL, Boyd S, Roy W, Bassett DI, Houston RD,
Gharbi K, Bron JE, Sturm A (2017) Maternal inheritance of deltamethrin resistance in the
salmon louse Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer) is associated with unique mtDNA haplotypes.
PLoS One 12(7):e0180625. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180625
125. Fallang A, Denholm I, Horsberg TE, Williamson MS (2005) Novel point mutation in the
sodium channel gene of pyrethroid-resistant sea lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Crustacea:
Copepoda). Dis Aquat Org 65:129–136. https://doi.org/10.3354/dao065129
126. Bakke MJ, Agusti C, Bruusgaard JC, Sundaram AYM, Horsberg TE (2018) Deltamethrin
resistance in the salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Kroyer): maternal inheritance and
reduced apoptosis. Sci Rep 8(1):8450. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-26420-6
127. Hopkins BW, Pietrantonio PV (2010) The Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
voltage-gated sodium channel and mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in fieldcollected adult males. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 40(5):385–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
ibmb.2010.03.004
128. Usherwood PN, Davies TG, Mellor IR, O’Reilly AO, Peng F, Vais H, Khambay BP,
Field LM, Williamson MS (2007) Mutations in DIIS5 and the DIIS4-S5 linker of Drosophila
melanogaster sodium channel define binding domains for pyrethroids and DDT. FEBS Lett
581(28):5485–5492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.10.057
129. O’Reilly AO, Khambay BP, Williamson MS, Field LM, Wallace BA, Davies TG (2006)
Modeling insecticide-binding sites in the voltage-gated sodium channel. Biochem J 396
(2):255–263. https://doi.org/10.1042/BJ20051925
144
K. M. Major and S. M. Brander