70 Ozone Risk for Douro Vineyards in Present and Future Climates
443
the vegetation. If the emissions are maintained constant the exposure response functions indicate that, in long-term, the AOT40 levels can represent a potential damage
to the vines causing over 35% loss in productivity and quality.
However, when ozone dry deposition levels are estimated a decrease of 50% is
expected, for both future scenarios. Thus, the risk of exposure to ozone based on
the AOT40 could have been overestimated. Therefore, it is important to define a
threshold for the protection of vegetation that takes into account the potential uptake
by the vegetation using dry deposition levels and developing particular dose-response
functions.
Questions and answers
Question 1
QUESTIONER: Stefano Galmarini
QUESTION: Ozone uptake depends on the stomatal opening. How soil water content
can influence stomata opening? How is the model considering this?
ANSWER: The soil water content (soil moisture) is an important factor for stomatal
opening, since one of the functions of the stomata is the water regulation of the
plant. The CHIMERE model considers this parameter when calculating the stomatal
conductance as a factor comprised between 0 and 1, which represents the relative
conductance determined by the soil water potential (SWP).
Question 2
QUESTIONER: Sebnem Aksoyoglu
QUESTION: How did you adjust EMEP emissions with 0.5° resolution to your high
resolution domain of 1 × 1 km
2 ?
ANSWER: The emissions were disaggregated using an adaptation of the CHIMERE
emiSURF pre-processor, which performs a spatial redistribution using the larger
domain emissions data and allocates the emission values to each domain cell (1 ×
1 km
2 ), based on a classification among four land use types: urban, crop, water and
forest.
Question 3
QUESTIONER: Rostislav Kouznetsov
QUESTION: How are you measuring quality of the wine, or what kind of unit?
ANSWER: In this study the quality of the wine was related to the relative sugar
content in the berries (total glucose + fructose), the units are normally grams of
sugar per liter of wine.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the financial support of FEDER through the COMPETE Program and the national funds from FCT—Science and Technology Portuguese Foundation
for financing the DOUROZONE project (PTDC/AAG-MAA/3335/2014; POCI-01-0145-FEDER016778). Thanks are also due, for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017), to FCT/MEC
through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020.
443
the vegetation. If the emissions are maintained constant the exposure response functions indicate that, in long-term, the AOT40 levels can represent a potential damage
to the vines causing over 35% loss in productivity and quality.
However, when ozone dry deposition levels are estimated a decrease of 50% is
expected, for both future scenarios. Thus, the risk of exposure to ozone based on
the AOT40 could have been overestimated. Therefore, it is important to define a
threshold for the protection of vegetation that takes into account the potential uptake
by the vegetation using dry deposition levels and developing particular dose-response
functions.
Questions and answers
Question 1
QUESTIONER: Stefano Galmarini
QUESTION: Ozone uptake depends on the stomatal opening. How soil water content
can influence stomata opening? How is the model considering this?
ANSWER: The soil water content (soil moisture) is an important factor for stomatal
opening, since one of the functions of the stomata is the water regulation of the
plant. The CHIMERE model considers this parameter when calculating the stomatal
conductance as a factor comprised between 0 and 1, which represents the relative
conductance determined by the soil water potential (SWP).
Question 2
QUESTIONER: Sebnem Aksoyoglu
QUESTION: How did you adjust EMEP emissions with 0.5° resolution to your high
resolution domain of 1 × 1 km
2 ?
ANSWER: The emissions were disaggregated using an adaptation of the CHIMERE
emiSURF pre-processor, which performs a spatial redistribution using the larger
domain emissions data and allocates the emission values to each domain cell (1 ×
1 km
2 ), based on a classification among four land use types: urban, crop, water and
forest.
Question 3
QUESTIONER: Rostislav Kouznetsov
QUESTION: How are you measuring quality of the wine, or what kind of unit?
ANSWER: In this study the quality of the wine was related to the relative sugar
content in the berries (total glucose + fructose), the units are normally grams of
sugar per liter of wine.
Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the financial support of FEDER through the COMPETE Program and the national funds from FCT—Science and Technology Portuguese Foundation
for financing the DOUROZONE project (PTDC/AAG-MAA/3335/2014; POCI-01-0145-FEDER016778). Thanks are also due, for the financial support to CESAM (UID/AMB/50017), to FCT/MEC
through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020.