Governance and Institutional Structure of Climate Change in Egypt
57
practices in existing ones. Similarly important is the amendment of the prevailing
legislation to be consistent with adaptation requirements. Egypt’s Third National
Communication on Climate Change [8] provided a clear analysis of not only the
challenges facing the institutional set-up of the climate change management, but
also opportunities for institutional strengthening. These can be harnessed to ensure
the overall enforcement of effective institutional capacity building.
References
1. Osbahr H, Twyman C, Adger WN, Thomas DSG (2008) Effective livelihood adaptation to
climate change disturbance: scale dimensions of practice in Mozambique. Geoforum 39:1951–
1964
2. Mickwitz P, Kivimaa P (2007) Evaluating policy integration—the case of policies for
environmentally friendlier technological innovations. Evaluation 13(1):68–86
3. Gamero Rus JM (2011) Climate policy integration: government programmes and strategies in
Spain. https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/137778/gamerorusppt.pdf
4. Persson A (2004) Environmental policy integration: an introduction. Policy integration for
sustainability background paper. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
5. Rayner J, Howlett M (2009) Introduction: understanding integrated policy strategies and their
evolution. Policy Soc 28(2):99–109
6. Agrawal A (2008) The role of local institutions in adaptation to climate change, May 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1596/28274
7. Grantham Institute (2017) Egypt—Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and
the Environment. London School of Economics and Political Science. www.lse.ac.uk/
GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/egypt/
8. Egyptian Ministry of Environment (2016) Third National Communication of Egypt under
the United Nations framework convention on climate change. https://unfccc.int/files/national_
reports/non-annex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/tnc_report.pdf
9. Lewis P, Abdel Monem MA, Impiglia A (2018) Impacts of climate change on farming systems
and livelihoods in the Near East and North Africa—with a special focus on small-scale family
farming. FAO, Cairo, p 92
10. IUCN (2011) The national strategy for mainstreaming gender in climate change in
Egypt. Cairo, Egypt. https://genderandenvironment.org/resource/egypt-national-strategy-formainstreaming-gender-in-climate-change-in-egypt/
11. Egyptian Ministry of Environment (2010) Second National Communication of Egypt under
the United Nations framework convention on climate change. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/
natc/egync2.pdf
12. Egypt National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (2011)
Cairo, Egypt. https://www.climasouth.eu/docs/Adaptation011%20StrategyEgypt.pdf
57
practices in existing ones. Similarly important is the amendment of the prevailing
legislation to be consistent with adaptation requirements. Egypt’s Third National
Communication on Climate Change [8] provided a clear analysis of not only the
challenges facing the institutional set-up of the climate change management, but
also opportunities for institutional strengthening. These can be harnessed to ensure
the overall enforcement of effective institutional capacity building.
References
1. Osbahr H, Twyman C, Adger WN, Thomas DSG (2008) Effective livelihood adaptation to
climate change disturbance: scale dimensions of practice in Mozambique. Geoforum 39:1951–
1964
2. Mickwitz P, Kivimaa P (2007) Evaluating policy integration—the case of policies for
environmentally friendlier technological innovations. Evaluation 13(1):68–86
3. Gamero Rus JM (2011) Climate policy integration: government programmes and strategies in
Spain. https://www.um.edu.mt/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/137778/gamerorusppt.pdf
4. Persson A (2004) Environmental policy integration: an introduction. Policy integration for
sustainability background paper. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm
5. Rayner J, Howlett M (2009) Introduction: understanding integrated policy strategies and their
evolution. Policy Soc 28(2):99–109
6. Agrawal A (2008) The role of local institutions in adaptation to climate change, May 2008.
https://doi.org/10.1596/28274
7. Grantham Institute (2017) Egypt—Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and
the Environment. London School of Economics and Political Science. www.lse.ac.uk/
GranthamInstitute/country-profiles/egypt/
8. Egyptian Ministry of Environment (2016) Third National Communication of Egypt under
the United Nations framework convention on climate change. https://unfccc.int/files/national_
reports/non-annex_i_parties/biennial_update_reports/application/pdf/tnc_report.pdf
9. Lewis P, Abdel Monem MA, Impiglia A (2018) Impacts of climate change on farming systems
and livelihoods in the Near East and North Africa—with a special focus on small-scale family
farming. FAO, Cairo, p 92
10. IUCN (2011) The national strategy for mainstreaming gender in climate change in
Egypt. Cairo, Egypt. https://genderandenvironment.org/resource/egypt-national-strategy-formainstreaming-gender-in-climate-change-in-egypt/
11. Egyptian Ministry of Environment (2010) Second National Communication of Egypt under
the United Nations framework convention on climate change. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/
natc/egync2.pdf
12. Egypt National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction (2011)
Cairo, Egypt. https://www.climasouth.eu/docs/Adaptation011%20StrategyEgypt.pdf