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M. A. S. Abdel Monem and P. Lewis
cooperation and use of these elements as a key criterion for project selection in
national and international investments;
• The elevation of climate change collaboration to the level of international relations
strategy to facilitate climate funding into Egypt;
• The awareness raising by government among businesses and local authorities about
the risks and vulnerabilities created by climate change to minimize impacts and
help limit the cost of damages.
On the other hand, long-term recommendations for institutional reforms include:
• The endorsement legislation detailing the responsibilities and status of government
entities involved in organizing and managing climate finance at various ministries;
• The establishment of an international development administration with responsibility for climate-related international cooperation (including finance) also under
the direct supervision of the Ministry of International Cooperation;
• The establishment by the Ministry of Finance of an assessment and monitoring
systems of climate finance and develop guidelines for assessing the performance
of new climate funds;
• The establishment by the Ministry of Finance/Ministry of Environment of a Carbon
Trading Regulatory Commission (CTRC);
• The provision to the EEAA of the full responsibility for the monitoring and management of a national carbon market, including, but not limited to allocation of
emissions, development of appropriate standards, regulations and laws, establishment of appropriate bodies and mechanisms for the effective functioning of the
market, oversight of development of derivative markets, and provision of guidance
to concerned institutions;
• The development of new and improved climate finance mechanisms to leverage
private sector capital in support of the public climate.
9 Conclusions and Recommendations
While a framework for climate change adaptation exists in Egypt, local level policies
and actions need to be strengthened to ensure effective implementation of adaptation and mitigation effects. There is also a need to formulate integrated climate
change strategies, to enable access to climate finance mechanisms, and to develop
and strengthen the policies, institutions, capacities, knowledge and transformative
change required to build climate-resilient communities. The existing role of public
and local civic institutions needs emphasis, and new incentives are needed to promote the involvement of private organizations and institutions in facilitating climate
change adaptation. Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction [12] stressed the importance of reforming and modifying the
institutional frameworks for climate change adaptation in Egypt. Such reformation
would not necessarily entail establishing new institutions, but rather ensuring best
M. A. S. Abdel Monem and P. Lewis
cooperation and use of these elements as a key criterion for project selection in
national and international investments;
• The elevation of climate change collaboration to the level of international relations
strategy to facilitate climate funding into Egypt;
• The awareness raising by government among businesses and local authorities about
the risks and vulnerabilities created by climate change to minimize impacts and
help limit the cost of damages.
On the other hand, long-term recommendations for institutional reforms include:
• The endorsement legislation detailing the responsibilities and status of government
entities involved in organizing and managing climate finance at various ministries;
• The establishment of an international development administration with responsibility for climate-related international cooperation (including finance) also under
the direct supervision of the Ministry of International Cooperation;
• The establishment by the Ministry of Finance of an assessment and monitoring
systems of climate finance and develop guidelines for assessing the performance
of new climate funds;
• The establishment by the Ministry of Finance/Ministry of Environment of a Carbon
Trading Regulatory Commission (CTRC);
• The provision to the EEAA of the full responsibility for the monitoring and management of a national carbon market, including, but not limited to allocation of
emissions, development of appropriate standards, regulations and laws, establishment of appropriate bodies and mechanisms for the effective functioning of the
market, oversight of development of derivative markets, and provision of guidance
to concerned institutions;
• The development of new and improved climate finance mechanisms to leverage
private sector capital in support of the public climate.
9 Conclusions and Recommendations
While a framework for climate change adaptation exists in Egypt, local level policies
and actions need to be strengthened to ensure effective implementation of adaptation and mitigation effects. There is also a need to formulate integrated climate
change strategies, to enable access to climate finance mechanisms, and to develop
and strengthen the policies, institutions, capacities, knowledge and transformative
change required to build climate-resilient communities. The existing role of public
and local civic institutions needs emphasis, and new incentives are needed to promote the involvement of private organizations and institutions in facilitating climate
change adaptation. Egypt’s National Strategy for Adaptation to Climate Change and
Disaster Risk Reduction [12] stressed the importance of reforming and modifying the
institutional frameworks for climate change adaptation in Egypt. Such reformation
would not necessarily entail establishing new institutions, but rather ensuring best