518
A. M. M. Hamdy
44. Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Sakai M, As LR, Ferreira
AJ, Palermo-Neto J (2010) Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal
injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 89:1905–1914
45. Gonzalez-Esquerra R, Leeson S (2006) Physiological and metabolic responses of broilers to
heat stress—implications for protein and acid nutrition. Worlds Poult Sci J 62:282–295
46. Hamdy AMM (2005) Some immune responses related to feed restriction in laying hens. In:
12th world veterinary poultry conference, Istanbul. Turkey
47. Toyomizu M, Tokuda M, Mujahid A, Akiba Y (2005) Progressive alteration to core temperature, respiration and blood acid-base balance in broiler chickens exposed to acute heat stress.
J Poult Sci 42:110–118
48. Borges SA, Fischer da Silva AV, Majorka A, Hooge DM, Cummings KR (2004) Physiological
responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (sodium plus
potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilogram). Poult Sci 83:1551–1558
49. Belay T, Teeter RG (1993) Broiler water balance and thermobalance during thermoneutral
and high ambient temperature exposure. Poult Sci 72:116–124
50. Yahav S, Goldfeld S, Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1995) Physiological responses of chickens and
turkeys to relative humidity during exposure to high ambient temperature. J Therm Biol
20:245–253
51. Fedde MR (1998) Relationship of structure and function of the avian respiratory system to
disease susceptibility. Poult Sci 77:1130–1138
52. Yahav S, Lugar D, Cahaner A, Dotan M, Ruzan M, Hurwitz S (1998) Thermoregulation in
naked neck chickens subjected to different ambient temperatures. Br Poult Sci 39:133–138
53. Yahav S, Straschnow A, Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1997) Blood system response of chickens to
changes in environmental temperature. Poult Sci 76:627–633
54. Wolfenson D, Frei YF, Snapir N, Berman A (1981) Heat stress effects on capillary blood flow
and its redistribution in the laying hen. Pflugers Arch 390:86–93
55. Mujahid A, Akiba Y, Toyomizu M (2009) Olive oil-supplemented diet alleviates acute heat
stress-induced mitochondrial ROS production in chicken skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul
Integr Comp Physiol 297:R690–R698
56. Kelley KW (1980) Stress and immune function: a bibliographic review. Annales de Recherches
Veterinaires 11(4):445–478
57. Epstein P, Diaz H, Elias S, Grabherr G, Graham N, Martens W, Thompson EM, Susskind J
(1998) Biological and physical signs of climate change, focus on mosquito borne diseases.
Bull Am Meteor Soc 79(3):409–417
58. Cheng HW (2010) Breeding of tomorrow’s chickens to improve well-being. Poult Sci 89:805–
813
59. Fussell LW (1998) Poultry industry strategies for control of Immunosuppressive diseases.
Poult Sci 77:1193–1196
60. Hashemi SR, Zulkifli I, Hair Bejo M, Farida A, Somchit MN (2008) Acute toxicity study
and phytochemical screening of selected herbal aqueous extract in broiler chickens. Int J
Pharmacol 4:352–360
61. Wang L, Piao XL, Kim SW, Piao XS, Shen YB, Lee HS (2008) Effects of Forsythia suspensa
extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant activities in broiler
chickens under high ambient temperature. Poult Sci 87:1287–1294
62. Mujahid A, Sato K, Akiba Y, Toyomizu M (2006) Acute heat stress stimulates mitochondrial
superoxide production in broiler skeletal muscle, possibly via down-regulation of uncoupling
protein content. Poult Sci 85:1259–1265
63. Peter SF (2015) Antioxidant systems in poultry biology: superoxide dismutase. J Anim Res
Nutr 1:8
64. Halliwell B (2012) Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view. Nutr Rev 70:257–
265
65. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford
University Press, Oxford
A. M. M. Hamdy
44. Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Sakai M, As LR, Ferreira
AJ, Palermo-Neto J (2010) Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal
injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 89:1905–1914
45. Gonzalez-Esquerra R, Leeson S (2006) Physiological and metabolic responses of broilers to
heat stress—implications for protein and acid nutrition. Worlds Poult Sci J 62:282–295
46. Hamdy AMM (2005) Some immune responses related to feed restriction in laying hens. In:
12th world veterinary poultry conference, Istanbul. Turkey
47. Toyomizu M, Tokuda M, Mujahid A, Akiba Y (2005) Progressive alteration to core temperature, respiration and blood acid-base balance in broiler chickens exposed to acute heat stress.
J Poult Sci 42:110–118
48. Borges SA, Fischer da Silva AV, Majorka A, Hooge DM, Cummings KR (2004) Physiological
responses of broiler chickens to heat stress and dietary electrolyte balance (sodium plus
potassium minus chloride, milliequivalents per kilogram). Poult Sci 83:1551–1558
49. Belay T, Teeter RG (1993) Broiler water balance and thermobalance during thermoneutral
and high ambient temperature exposure. Poult Sci 72:116–124
50. Yahav S, Goldfeld S, Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1995) Physiological responses of chickens and
turkeys to relative humidity during exposure to high ambient temperature. J Therm Biol
20:245–253
51. Fedde MR (1998) Relationship of structure and function of the avian respiratory system to
disease susceptibility. Poult Sci 77:1130–1138
52. Yahav S, Lugar D, Cahaner A, Dotan M, Ruzan M, Hurwitz S (1998) Thermoregulation in
naked neck chickens subjected to different ambient temperatures. Br Poult Sci 39:133–138
53. Yahav S, Straschnow A, Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1997) Blood system response of chickens to
changes in environmental temperature. Poult Sci 76:627–633
54. Wolfenson D, Frei YF, Snapir N, Berman A (1981) Heat stress effects on capillary blood flow
and its redistribution in the laying hen. Pflugers Arch 390:86–93
55. Mujahid A, Akiba Y, Toyomizu M (2009) Olive oil-supplemented diet alleviates acute heat
stress-induced mitochondrial ROS production in chicken skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Regul
Integr Comp Physiol 297:R690–R698
56. Kelley KW (1980) Stress and immune function: a bibliographic review. Annales de Recherches
Veterinaires 11(4):445–478
57. Epstein P, Diaz H, Elias S, Grabherr G, Graham N, Martens W, Thompson EM, Susskind J
(1998) Biological and physical signs of climate change, focus on mosquito borne diseases.
Bull Am Meteor Soc 79(3):409–417
58. Cheng HW (2010) Breeding of tomorrow’s chickens to improve well-being. Poult Sci 89:805–
813
59. Fussell LW (1998) Poultry industry strategies for control of Immunosuppressive diseases.
Poult Sci 77:1193–1196
60. Hashemi SR, Zulkifli I, Hair Bejo M, Farida A, Somchit MN (2008) Acute toxicity study
and phytochemical screening of selected herbal aqueous extract in broiler chickens. Int J
Pharmacol 4:352–360
61. Wang L, Piao XL, Kim SW, Piao XS, Shen YB, Lee HS (2008) Effects of Forsythia suspensa
extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and antioxidant activities in broiler
chickens under high ambient temperature. Poult Sci 87:1287–1294
62. Mujahid A, Sato K, Akiba Y, Toyomizu M (2006) Acute heat stress stimulates mitochondrial
superoxide production in broiler skeletal muscle, possibly via down-regulation of uncoupling
protein content. Poult Sci 85:1259–1265
63. Peter SF (2015) Antioxidant systems in poultry biology: superoxide dismutase. J Anim Res
Nutr 1:8
64. Halliwell B (2012) Free radicals and antioxidants: updating a personal view. Nutr Rev 70:257–
265
65. Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1999) Free radicals in biology and medicine, 3rd edn. Oxford
University Press, Oxford