35. Beretta M, Britto B, Tavares TM, Da Silva SMT, Pletsch AL (2014) Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in marine sediments in the Todos os Santos Bay
and the north coast of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. J Soil Sediment 14:1278–1286
36. Lara-Martin PA, Gonzalez-Mazo E, Petrovic M, Barcelo D, Brownawell BJ (2014) Occurrence, distribution and partitioning of nonionic surfactants and pharmaceuticals in the urbanized Long Island Sound Estuary (NY). Mar Pollut Bull 85(2):710–719
37. Larsen JC (2003) Basic concepts and terminology used to describe the combined action of
chemicals in mixtures. In: Combined actions and interactions of chemicals mixtures. The
toxicological effects of exposure to mixture of industrial and environmental chemicals.
Fødevare Rapport 2003:12, Danmark, pp 20–32
38. Rodea-Palomares I, Gonzalez-Pleiter M, Martin-Betancor K, Rosal R, Fernandez-Pinas F
(2015) Additivity and interactions in ecotoxicity of pollutant mixtures: some patterns, conclusions, and open questions. Toxics 3(4):342–369
39. Backhaus T (2014) Medicines, shaken and stirred: a critical review on the ecotoxicology of
pharmaceutical mixtures. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369(1656):20130585
40. Shao Y, Chen Z, Hollert H, Zhou S, Deutschmann B, Seiler TB (2019) Toxicity of 10 organic
micropollutants and their mixture: Implications for aquatic risk assessment. Sci Total Environ
666:1273–1282
41. Godoy AA, Kummrow F (2017) What do we know about the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical
and personal care product mixtures? A critical review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 47
(16):1453–1496
42. Heys KA, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Jones KC, Martin FL (2016) Risk assessment of environmental mixture effects. RSC Adv 6(53):47844–47857
43. Van Gestel CAM, Jonker MJ, Kammenga JE, Laskowski R, Svendsen C (2011) Mixture
toxicity. Linking approaches from ecological and human toxicology. SETAC Press and CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
44. Altenburger R, Walter H, Grote M (2004) What contribute to the combined effect of a complex
mixture? Environ Sci Technol 38(23):6353–6362
45. Coors A, Vollmar P, Heim J, Sacher F, Kehrer A (2018) Environmental risk assessment of
biocidal products: identification of relevant components and reliability of a component-based
mixture assessment. Environ Sci Eur 30(3):1–15
46. Coors A, Weisbrod B, Schoknecht U, Sacher F, Kehrer A (2014) Predicting acute and chronic
effects of wood preservative products in Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
based on the concept of concentration addition. Environ Toxicol Chem/SETAC 33
(2):382–393
47. Kortenkamp A, Backhaus T, Faust M (2009) State of the art report on mixture toxicity. Final
report, Executive summary. pp 1–19
48. Puckowski A, Stolte S, Wagil M et al (2017) Mixture toxicity of flubendazole and
fenbendazole to Daphnia magna. Int J Hyg Environ Health 220(3):575–582
49. Schnell S, Bols NC, Barata C, Porte C (2009) Single and combined toxicity of pharmaceuticals
and personal care products (PPCPs) on the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1. Aquat
Toxicol 93(4):244–252
50. Sigurnjak M, Ukić Š, Cvetnić M et al (2020) Combined toxicities of binary mixtures of
alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, diuron and isoproturon. Chemosphere 240:124973
51. Belden JBG, Gilliom RJ, Lydy MJ (2007) How well can we predict the toxicity of pesticide
mixtures to aquatic life? Integr Environ Assess Manag 3(3):364–372
52. Cedergreen N, Christensen AM, Kamper A et al (2008) A review of independent action
compared to concentration addition as reference models for mixtures of compounds with
different molecular target sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(7):1621–1632
53. Backhaus T, Altenburger R, Arrhenius Å et al (2003) The BEAM-project: prediction and
assessment of mixture toxicities in the aquatic environment. Cont Shelf Res 23
(17-19):1757–1769
186
C. Trombini et al.
and the north coast of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. J Soil Sediment 14:1278–1286
36. Lara-Martin PA, Gonzalez-Mazo E, Petrovic M, Barcelo D, Brownawell BJ (2014) Occurrence, distribution and partitioning of nonionic surfactants and pharmaceuticals in the urbanized Long Island Sound Estuary (NY). Mar Pollut Bull 85(2):710–719
37. Larsen JC (2003) Basic concepts and terminology used to describe the combined action of
chemicals in mixtures. In: Combined actions and interactions of chemicals mixtures. The
toxicological effects of exposure to mixture of industrial and environmental chemicals.
Fødevare Rapport 2003:12, Danmark, pp 20–32
38. Rodea-Palomares I, Gonzalez-Pleiter M, Martin-Betancor K, Rosal R, Fernandez-Pinas F
(2015) Additivity and interactions in ecotoxicity of pollutant mixtures: some patterns, conclusions, and open questions. Toxics 3(4):342–369
39. Backhaus T (2014) Medicines, shaken and stirred: a critical review on the ecotoxicology of
pharmaceutical mixtures. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369(1656):20130585
40. Shao Y, Chen Z, Hollert H, Zhou S, Deutschmann B, Seiler TB (2019) Toxicity of 10 organic
micropollutants and their mixture: Implications for aquatic risk assessment. Sci Total Environ
666:1273–1282
41. Godoy AA, Kummrow F (2017) What do we know about the ecotoxicology of pharmaceutical
and personal care product mixtures? A critical review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 47
(16):1453–1496
42. Heys KA, Shore RF, Pereira MG, Jones KC, Martin FL (2016) Risk assessment of environmental mixture effects. RSC Adv 6(53):47844–47857
43. Van Gestel CAM, Jonker MJ, Kammenga JE, Laskowski R, Svendsen C (2011) Mixture
toxicity. Linking approaches from ecological and human toxicology. SETAC Press and CRC
Press, Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton
44. Altenburger R, Walter H, Grote M (2004) What contribute to the combined effect of a complex
mixture? Environ Sci Technol 38(23):6353–6362
45. Coors A, Vollmar P, Heim J, Sacher F, Kehrer A (2018) Environmental risk assessment of
biocidal products: identification of relevant components and reliability of a component-based
mixture assessment. Environ Sci Eur 30(3):1–15
46. Coors A, Weisbrod B, Schoknecht U, Sacher F, Kehrer A (2014) Predicting acute and chronic
effects of wood preservative products in Daphnia magna and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata
based on the concept of concentration addition. Environ Toxicol Chem/SETAC 33
(2):382–393
47. Kortenkamp A, Backhaus T, Faust M (2009) State of the art report on mixture toxicity. Final
report, Executive summary. pp 1–19
48. Puckowski A, Stolte S, Wagil M et al (2017) Mixture toxicity of flubendazole and
fenbendazole to Daphnia magna. Int J Hyg Environ Health 220(3):575–582
49. Schnell S, Bols NC, Barata C, Porte C (2009) Single and combined toxicity of pharmaceuticals
and personal care products (PPCPs) on the rainbow trout liver cell line RTL-W1. Aquat
Toxicol 93(4):244–252
50. Sigurnjak M, Ukić Š, Cvetnić M et al (2020) Combined toxicities of binary mixtures of
alachlor, chlorfenvinphos, diuron and isoproturon. Chemosphere 240:124973
51. Belden JBG, Gilliom RJ, Lydy MJ (2007) How well can we predict the toxicity of pesticide
mixtures to aquatic life? Integr Environ Assess Manag 3(3):364–372
52. Cedergreen N, Christensen AM, Kamper A et al (2008) A review of independent action
compared to concentration addition as reference models for mixtures of compounds with
different molecular target sites. Environ Toxicol Chem 27(7):1621–1632
53. Backhaus T, Altenburger R, Arrhenius Å et al (2003) The BEAM-project: prediction and
assessment of mixture toxicities in the aquatic environment. Cont Shelf Res 23
(17-19):1757–1769
186
C. Trombini et al.