17. Cleuvers M (2003) Aquatic ecotoxicity of pharmaceuticals including the assessment of
combination effects. Toxicol Lett 142:185–194
18. Minguez L, Pedelucq J, Farcy E, Ballandonne C, Budzinski H, Halm-Lemeille MP (2016)
Toxicities of 48 pharmaceuticals and their freshwater and marine environmental assessment in
northwestern France. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:4992–5001
19. Nieto E, Blasco J, González-Ortegón E, Drake P, Hampel M (2013) Is Atyaephyra desmarestii
a useful candidate for lethal and sub-lethal toxicity tests on pharmaceutical compounds? J
Hazard Mater 263P:256–265
20. Schmidt W, O'Rourke K, Hernan R, Quinn B (2011) Effects of the pharmaceuticals gemfibrozil and diclofenac on the marine mussel (Mytilus spp.) and their comparison with standardized toxicity tests. Mar Pollut Bull 62(7):1389–1395
21. Trombini C, Hampel M, Blasco J (2016) Evaluation of acute effects of four pharmaceuticals
and their mixtures on the copepod Tisbe battagliai. Chemosphere 155:319–328
22. Han GH, Hur HG, Kim SD (2006) Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater
treatement plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem
25(1):265–271
23. Ferrari B, Paxéus N, Logiudice R, Pollio A, Garric J (2003) Ecotoxicological impact of
pharmaceuticals found in treated wastewaters: study of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and
diclofenac. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 55:359–370
24. Dökmeci AH, Dökmeci I, Ibar H (2014) The determination of single and mixture toxicity at
high concentrations of some acidic pharmaceuticals via Aliivibrio fischeri. Environ Process
1:95–103
25. Huang Q, Bu Q, Zong W, Shi K, Cao Z, Yu G (2018) Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect
concentration (PNEC) for ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole on various toxicity endpoints and
associated risk. Chemosphere 193:223–229
26. Kim JW, Ishibashi H, Yamauchi R, Ichikawa N, Takao Y, Hirano M, Koga M, Arizono K
(2009) Acute toxicology of pharmaceutical and personal care products on freshwater crustaceans (Thamnocephalus platyurus) and fish (Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Sci 34(2):227–232
27. Pounds N, Maclean S, Webley M, Pascoe D, Hutchinson T (2008) Acute and chronic effects of
ibuprofen in the mollusc Planorbis carinatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Ecotoxicol Environ
Saf 70(1):47–52
28. Aguirre-Martínez GV, Owuor MA, Garrido-Pérez C, Salamanca MJ, Del Valls TA, MartínDíaz ML (2015) Are standard tests sensitive enough to evaluate effects of human pharmaceuticals in aquatic biota? facing changes in research approaches when performing risk assessment of drugs. Chemosphere 120:75–85
29. Posthuma L, Traas TP, Suter II GW (2002) General introduction to species sensitivity
distributions. In: Posthuma L, Traas TP, Suter II GW (eds) Species sensitivity distributions
in ecotoxicology. CRC, Boca Ratón, pp 1–10
30. Schwaiger J, Ferling H, Mallow U, Wintermay H, Negele RD (2004) Toxic effects of the
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Part I: histopathological alterations and
bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. Aquat Toxicol 68:141–150
31. Nantaba F, Wasswa J, Kylin H, Palm WU, Bouwman H, Kummerer K (2020) Occurrence,
distribution, and ecotoxicological risk assessment of selected pharmaceutical compounds in
water from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Chemosphere 239:124642
32. Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor Km Mlsna T, Pitman CU, Mohan D (2019) Pharmaceuticals of
emerging concern in aquatic systems: chemistry, occurrence, effects and removal methods.
Chem Rev 119:3510–3673
33. Comeau F, Surette C, Brun GL, Losier R (2008) The occurrence of acidic drugs and caffeine in
sewage effluents and receiving waters from three coastal watersheds in Atlantic Canada. Sci
Total Environ 396:132–146
34. Gaw S, Thomas KV, Hutchinson TH (2014) Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in
the marine and coastal environment. Philos Trans R Soc 369:20130572
Ibuprofen and Diclofenac: Effects on Freshwater and Marine Aquatic Organisms –. . .
185
combination effects. Toxicol Lett 142:185–194
18. Minguez L, Pedelucq J, Farcy E, Ballandonne C, Budzinski H, Halm-Lemeille MP (2016)
Toxicities of 48 pharmaceuticals and their freshwater and marine environmental assessment in
northwestern France. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23:4992–5001
19. Nieto E, Blasco J, González-Ortegón E, Drake P, Hampel M (2013) Is Atyaephyra desmarestii
a useful candidate for lethal and sub-lethal toxicity tests on pharmaceutical compounds? J
Hazard Mater 263P:256–265
20. Schmidt W, O'Rourke K, Hernan R, Quinn B (2011) Effects of the pharmaceuticals gemfibrozil and diclofenac on the marine mussel (Mytilus spp.) and their comparison with standardized toxicity tests. Mar Pollut Bull 62(7):1389–1395
21. Trombini C, Hampel M, Blasco J (2016) Evaluation of acute effects of four pharmaceuticals
and their mixtures on the copepod Tisbe battagliai. Chemosphere 155:319–328
22. Han GH, Hur HG, Kim SD (2006) Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater
treatement plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem
25(1):265–271
23. Ferrari B, Paxéus N, Logiudice R, Pollio A, Garric J (2003) Ecotoxicological impact of
pharmaceuticals found in treated wastewaters: study of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and
diclofenac. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 55:359–370
24. Dökmeci AH, Dökmeci I, Ibar H (2014) The determination of single and mixture toxicity at
high concentrations of some acidic pharmaceuticals via Aliivibrio fischeri. Environ Process
1:95–103
25. Huang Q, Bu Q, Zong W, Shi K, Cao Z, Yu G (2018) Derivation of aquatic predicted no-effect
concentration (PNEC) for ibuprofen and sulfamethoxazole on various toxicity endpoints and
associated risk. Chemosphere 193:223–229
26. Kim JW, Ishibashi H, Yamauchi R, Ichikawa N, Takao Y, Hirano M, Koga M, Arizono K
(2009) Acute toxicology of pharmaceutical and personal care products on freshwater crustaceans (Thamnocephalus platyurus) and fish (Oryzias latipes). J Toxicol Sci 34(2):227–232
27. Pounds N, Maclean S, Webley M, Pascoe D, Hutchinson T (2008) Acute and chronic effects of
ibuprofen in the mollusc Planorbis carinatus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae). Ecotoxicol Environ
Saf 70(1):47–52
28. Aguirre-Martínez GV, Owuor MA, Garrido-Pérez C, Salamanca MJ, Del Valls TA, MartínDíaz ML (2015) Are standard tests sensitive enough to evaluate effects of human pharmaceuticals in aquatic biota? facing changes in research approaches when performing risk assessment of drugs. Chemosphere 120:75–85
29. Posthuma L, Traas TP, Suter II GW (2002) General introduction to species sensitivity
distributions. In: Posthuma L, Traas TP, Suter II GW (eds) Species sensitivity distributions
in ecotoxicology. CRC, Boca Ratón, pp 1–10
30. Schwaiger J, Ferling H, Mallow U, Wintermay H, Negele RD (2004) Toxic effects of the
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac. Part I: histopathological alterations and
bioaccumulation in rainbow trout. Aquat Toxicol 68:141–150
31. Nantaba F, Wasswa J, Kylin H, Palm WU, Bouwman H, Kummerer K (2020) Occurrence,
distribution, and ecotoxicological risk assessment of selected pharmaceutical compounds in
water from Lake Victoria, Uganda. Chemosphere 239:124642
32. Patel M, Kumar R, Kishor Km Mlsna T, Pitman CU, Mohan D (2019) Pharmaceuticals of
emerging concern in aquatic systems: chemistry, occurrence, effects and removal methods.
Chem Rev 119:3510–3673
33. Comeau F, Surette C, Brun GL, Losier R (2008) The occurrence of acidic drugs and caffeine in
sewage effluents and receiving waters from three coastal watersheds in Atlantic Canada. Sci
Total Environ 396:132–146
34. Gaw S, Thomas KV, Hutchinson TH (2014) Sources, impacts and trends of pharmaceuticals in
the marine and coastal environment. Philos Trans R Soc 369:20130572
Ibuprofen and Diclofenac: Effects on Freshwater and Marine Aquatic Organisms –. . .
185