7. Gierse JK, Hauser SD, Creely DP, Koboldt C, Rangwala SH, Isakson PC, Seibert K (1995)
Expression and selective inhibition of the constitutive and inducible forms of human cyclooxygenase. Biochem J 305(2):479–484
8. Wiegand TJ, Vernetti CM (2017) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) toxicity.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/816117-overview. Accessed 14 Nov 2019
9. Cleuvers M (2004) Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen,
naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 59(3):309–315
10. Metcalfe C, Miao XS, Hua W, Letcher R, Servos M (2004) Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian
environment. In: Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Springer, Berlin, pp 67–90
11. Misra R, Pandey H, Chandra M, Agarwal PK, Pandeya SN (1990) Effects of commonly used
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastric mucosa. A clinical, endoscopic and histopathological study. J Assoc Physicians India 38(9):636–638
12. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT (2002)
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999À
2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36(6):1202–1211
13. Bound JP, Voulvoulis N (2006) Predicted and measured concentrations for selected pharmaceuticals in UK rivers: implications for risk assessment. Water Res 40(15):2885–2892
14. Gros M, Petrović M, Barceló D (2006) Multi-residue analytical methods using LC-tandem MS
for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples: a review.
Anal Bioanal Chem 386(4):941–952
15. Han GH, Hur HG, Kim SD (2006) Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater
treatment plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem
Int J 25(1):265–271
16. Todd PA, Sorkin EM (1988) Diclofenac sodium. Drugs 35(3):244–285
17. Heberer T, Feldmann D (2005) Contribution of effluents from hospitals and private households
to the total loads of diclofenac and carbamazepine in municipal sewage effluents – modeling
versus measurements. J Hazard Mater 122(3):211–218
18. Letzel M, Metzner G, Letzel T (2009) Exposure assessment of the pharmaceutical diclofenac
based on long-term measurements of the aquatic input. Environ Int 35(2):363–368
19. Roberts PH, Thomas KV (2006) The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater
effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment. Sci Total Environ 356(1-3):143–153
20. Gómez MJ, Bueno MM, Lacorte S, Fernández-Alba AR, Agüera A (2007) Pilot survey
monitoring pharmaceuticals and related compounds in a sewage treatment plant located on
the Mediterranean coast. Chemosphere 66(6):993–1002
21. Hayashi Y, Heckmann LH, Callaghan A, Sibly RM (2008) Reproduction recovery of the
crustacean Daphnia magna after chronic exposure to ibuprofen. Ecotoxicology 17(4):246–251
22. Heckmann LH, Callaghan A, Hooper HL, Connon R, Hutchinson TH, Maund SJ, Sibly RM
(2007) Chronic toxicity of ibuprofen to Daphnia magna: effects on life history traits and
population dynamics. Toxicol Lett 172(3):137–145
23. Buser HR, Poiger T, Müller MD (1999) Occurrence and environmental behavior of the chiral
pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen in surface waters and in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 33
(15):2529–2535
24. Ashton D, Hilton M, Thomas KV (2004) Investigating the environmental transport of human
pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom. Sci Total Environ 333(1-3):167–184
25. Du J, Mei CF, Ying GG, Xu MY (2016) Toxicity thresholds for diclofenac, acetaminophen and
ibuprofen in the water flea Daphnia magna. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 97(1):84–90
26. Nunes B, Antunes SC, Santos J, Martins L, Castro BB (2014) Toxic potential of paracetamol to
freshwater organisms: a headache to environmental regulators? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
107:178–185
27. Sarma SSS, González-Pérez BK, Moreno-Gutiérrez RM, Nandini S (2014) Effect of paracetamol and diclofenac on population growth of Plationus patulus and Moina macrocopa. J
Environ Biol 35(1):119
Adverse Effects Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Freshwater. . .
159
Expression and selective inhibition of the constitutive and inducible forms of human cyclooxygenase. Biochem J 305(2):479–484
8. Wiegand TJ, Vernetti CM (2017) Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) toxicity.
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/816117-overview. Accessed 14 Nov 2019
9. Cleuvers M (2004) Mixture toxicity of the anti-inflammatory drugs diclofenac, ibuprofen,
naproxen, and acetylsalicylic acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 59(3):309–315
10. Metcalfe C, Miao XS, Hua W, Letcher R, Servos M (2004) Pharmaceuticals in the Canadian
environment. In: Pharmaceuticals in the environment. Springer, Berlin, pp 67–90
11. Misra R, Pandey H, Chandra M, Agarwal PK, Pandeya SN (1990) Effects of commonly used
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on gastric mucosa. A clinical, endoscopic and histopathological study. J Assoc Physicians India 38(9):636–638
12. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT (2002)
Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in US streams, 1999À
2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36(6):1202–1211
13. Bound JP, Voulvoulis N (2006) Predicted and measured concentrations for selected pharmaceuticals in UK rivers: implications for risk assessment. Water Res 40(15):2885–2892
14. Gros M, Petrović M, Barceló D (2006) Multi-residue analytical methods using LC-tandem MS
for the determination of pharmaceuticals in environmental and wastewater samples: a review.
Anal Bioanal Chem 386(4):941–952
15. Han GH, Hur HG, Kim SD (2006) Ecotoxicological risk of pharmaceuticals from wastewater
treatment plants in Korea: occurrence and toxicity to Daphnia magna. Environ Toxicol Chem
Int J 25(1):265–271
16. Todd PA, Sorkin EM (1988) Diclofenac sodium. Drugs 35(3):244–285
17. Heberer T, Feldmann D (2005) Contribution of effluents from hospitals and private households
to the total loads of diclofenac and carbamazepine in municipal sewage effluents – modeling
versus measurements. J Hazard Mater 122(3):211–218
18. Letzel M, Metzner G, Letzel T (2009) Exposure assessment of the pharmaceutical diclofenac
based on long-term measurements of the aquatic input. Environ Int 35(2):363–368
19. Roberts PH, Thomas KV (2006) The occurrence of selected pharmaceuticals in wastewater
effluent and surface waters of the lower Tyne catchment. Sci Total Environ 356(1-3):143–153
20. Gómez MJ, Bueno MM, Lacorte S, Fernández-Alba AR, Agüera A (2007) Pilot survey
monitoring pharmaceuticals and related compounds in a sewage treatment plant located on
the Mediterranean coast. Chemosphere 66(6):993–1002
21. Hayashi Y, Heckmann LH, Callaghan A, Sibly RM (2008) Reproduction recovery of the
crustacean Daphnia magna after chronic exposure to ibuprofen. Ecotoxicology 17(4):246–251
22. Heckmann LH, Callaghan A, Hooper HL, Connon R, Hutchinson TH, Maund SJ, Sibly RM
(2007) Chronic toxicity of ibuprofen to Daphnia magna: effects on life history traits and
population dynamics. Toxicol Lett 172(3):137–145
23. Buser HR, Poiger T, Müller MD (1999) Occurrence and environmental behavior of the chiral
pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen in surface waters and in wastewater. Environ Sci Technol 33
(15):2529–2535
24. Ashton D, Hilton M, Thomas KV (2004) Investigating the environmental transport of human
pharmaceuticals to streams in the United Kingdom. Sci Total Environ 333(1-3):167–184
25. Du J, Mei CF, Ying GG, Xu MY (2016) Toxicity thresholds for diclofenac, acetaminophen and
ibuprofen in the water flea Daphnia magna. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 97(1):84–90
26. Nunes B, Antunes SC, Santos J, Martins L, Castro BB (2014) Toxic potential of paracetamol to
freshwater organisms: a headache to environmental regulators? Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
107:178–185
27. Sarma SSS, González-Pérez BK, Moreno-Gutiérrez RM, Nandini S (2014) Effect of paracetamol and diclofenac on population growth of Plationus patulus and Moina macrocopa. J
Environ Biol 35(1):119
Adverse Effects Induced by Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs on Freshwater. . .
159