marsh can be changed with different seasons. Marshes boast an excessive variety of
flora that has modified particularly to live in saturated soil. The subcategories of
marshes include saltwater, freshwater, inland, and coastal. Each of these has its own
diverse ecosystems and can be found all around the globe. Marshes wildlife includes
alligators, newts, beavers, turtles, and shrimps.
Swamps The main difference between swamps and marshes is that, normally,
swamps are dominated by woody plants (rather than soft-stemmed plants). Majority
of the people often harvest these trees to make timber and to build their homes,
which can disturb the environment significantly if too many are taken deprived of
being replaced with new trees. Swamps provide home to different fishes and birds as
well as smaller creatures. In Florida, swamps like Everglades are found in low-lying
areas near coastal or river areas. Swamps can be divided into two main types (shrub
swamps and forested swamps). Swamps are home for diversity of animals like
bobcat, alligators, snakes, beaver, and large variety of birds.
Bogs Bogs are categorized by spongy peat deposits and more acidic water as well as
layering of sphagnum moss. Contrasting swamps and marshes, bogs are likely to get
their moisture from rainfall rather than watercourses such as rivulets, streams, or
excesses from rivers. These wetlands play important role for inhibiting downstream
flooding since they absorb rainfall as it falls and prevents the inflammation of rivers
and other watercourses.
Fens Fens are peat-forming wetlands like bogs, even though they generally get their
wetness from ground and surface water rather than rainfall, which mean that they are
somewhat least acidic. This means that fens support a larger group of nature, from
plants to birds to fish and everything in between. Like bogs, fens are valuable
because they can help in mitigating the flooding of land, since they saturate up
water from the ground and stop it from leaching everywhere else.
2.2 Constructed Wetlands
Humans designed engineered ecosystem which is termed as constructed wetland to
remove contaminants from wastewater treatment that can mimic the habitat and
hydraulic condition occurring in the swamp. The artificially constructed wetland
system resembles the treatment that occurs in natural wetland by relying on a
combination of naturally occurring physical, chemical, and biological process and
on the aquatic plants and heterotrophic microorganisms (Olejnik and
Wojciechowski 2012).
For wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands have been used for nearly
60 years; the first CWs were put in operation in Israel in the 1950s. In Europe,
treatment of wastewater by wetland vegetation was started in Germany. For the
treatment of municipal or domestic sewage, wetlands have been used for decades. In
the last several years, these systems have been constructed to treat the wastewaters
6 Constructed Wetlands: A Clean-Green Technology for Degradation and. . .
129
flora that has modified particularly to live in saturated soil. The subcategories of
marshes include saltwater, freshwater, inland, and coastal. Each of these has its own
diverse ecosystems and can be found all around the globe. Marshes wildlife includes
alligators, newts, beavers, turtles, and shrimps.
Swamps The main difference between swamps and marshes is that, normally,
swamps are dominated by woody plants (rather than soft-stemmed plants). Majority
of the people often harvest these trees to make timber and to build their homes,
which can disturb the environment significantly if too many are taken deprived of
being replaced with new trees. Swamps provide home to different fishes and birds as
well as smaller creatures. In Florida, swamps like Everglades are found in low-lying
areas near coastal or river areas. Swamps can be divided into two main types (shrub
swamps and forested swamps). Swamps are home for diversity of animals like
bobcat, alligators, snakes, beaver, and large variety of birds.
Bogs Bogs are categorized by spongy peat deposits and more acidic water as well as
layering of sphagnum moss. Contrasting swamps and marshes, bogs are likely to get
their moisture from rainfall rather than watercourses such as rivulets, streams, or
excesses from rivers. These wetlands play important role for inhibiting downstream
flooding since they absorb rainfall as it falls and prevents the inflammation of rivers
and other watercourses.
Fens Fens are peat-forming wetlands like bogs, even though they generally get their
wetness from ground and surface water rather than rainfall, which mean that they are
somewhat least acidic. This means that fens support a larger group of nature, from
plants to birds to fish and everything in between. Like bogs, fens are valuable
because they can help in mitigating the flooding of land, since they saturate up
water from the ground and stop it from leaching everywhere else.
2.2 Constructed Wetlands
Humans designed engineered ecosystem which is termed as constructed wetland to
remove contaminants from wastewater treatment that can mimic the habitat and
hydraulic condition occurring in the swamp. The artificially constructed wetland
system resembles the treatment that occurs in natural wetland by relying on a
combination of naturally occurring physical, chemical, and biological process and
on the aquatic plants and heterotrophic microorganisms (Olejnik and
Wojciechowski 2012).
For wastewater treatment, constructed wetlands have been used for nearly
60 years; the first CWs were put in operation in Israel in the 1950s. In Europe,
treatment of wastewater by wetland vegetation was started in Germany. For the
treatment of municipal or domestic sewage, wetlands have been used for decades. In
the last several years, these systems have been constructed to treat the wastewaters
6 Constructed Wetlands: A Clean-Green Technology for Degradation and. . .
129