227
-10
-5
0
5
10
-10
-5
0
5
10
-10
-5
0
5
10
NCEP-NCAR
Observed
-10
-5
0
5
10
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
-10
-5
0
5
10
b= 0.08**
APHRODITE
Observed
b= 0.04*
b= 0.04*
b= 0.03
CRU-TS
Observed
b= 0.04*
b= 0.11***
b= 0.05
Mean Temperature ( o C)
ERA-I
Observed
b= 0.04*
(a)
b= -0.003
b= 0.04*
UDEL
Observed
-10
-5
0
5
10
-10
-5
0
5
10
-10
-5
0
5
10
NCEP-NCAR
Observed
-10
-5
0
5
10
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
-10
-5
0
5
10
b= 0.13*
b= 0.24
APHRODITE
Observed
(b)
b= 0.014
b= 0.19***
b= 0.03 +
b= 0.06**
b= 0.15***
CRU-TS
Observed
b= 0.15***
ERA-I
Observed
b= 0.15***
b= 0.15***
UDEL
Observed
-21.0
-16.8
-12.6
-8.4
-21.0
-16.8
-12.6
-8.4
-21.0
-16.8
-12.6
-8.4
-21.0
-16.8
-12.6
-8.4
1986
1990
1994
1998
2002
2006
2010
2014
-21.0
-16.8
-12.6
-8.4
b= 0.08**
(c)
APHRODITE
Observed
b= 0.08**
b= 0.23***
CRU-TS
Observed
b= 0.08**
b= 0.136***
ERA-I
Observed
b= 0.08**
b= 0.101***
b= 0.068**
NCEP-NCAR
Observed
b= 0.08**
b= 0.065***
UDEL
Observed
Fig. 4 Inter-annual variability of wintertime Mean temperature at different zones, (a) LH (b) GH and (c) KH. Black lines depict Observed data and red lines
depict estimated values. The values of trend/slope (b; Units: °C/year) for observed and estimated values are also given in same color (Kanda et al. 2019)
An Appraisal of Spatio-Temporal Characteristics of Temperature and Precipitation…