228
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
0
500
1000
1500
2000
b= -2.22
b= 1.35
b= -7.01
(a)
APHRODITE
Observed
b= 4.23
b= 2.06
b= 2.06
CRU-TS
Observed
ERA-I
Observed
)
n
o
s
a
e
s
/
m
m
(
n
o
i
t
a
t
i
p
i
c
e
r
P
r
e
t
n
i
W
b= -0.79
b= -2.11
b= 2.06
b= 2.06
GPCC
Observed
GPCP
Observed
b= 3.59
b= 7.51
TRMM
Observed
b= 1.5
b= 2.06
UDEL
Observed
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1990
1995
2000
2005
2 010
2 015
0
500
1000
1500
2000
b= 4.29
b= 1.83
b= -3.83
(b)
APHRODITE
Observed
b= 8.52
b= 8.58
b= 8.58
CRU-TS
Observed
ERA-I
Observed
)
n
o
s
a
e
s
/
m
m
(
n
o
i
t
a
t
i
p
i
c
e
r
P
r
e
t
n
i
W
b= -0.004
b= 3.71
b= 8.58
b= 8.58
GPCC
Observed
GPCP
Observed
b= 1.74
b= 14.18
TRMM
Observed
b= 3.76*
b= 8.58
UDEL
Observed
0
300
600
900
1200
0
300
600
900
1200
0
300
600
900
1200
0
300
600
900
1200
0
300
600
900
1200
0
300
600
900
1200
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
0
300
600
900
1200
b= -2.04
b= - 1.78*
b= -0.19
(c)
APHRODITE
Observed
b= -5.82
b= - 4.57
b= -4.57
CRU-TS
Observed
ERA-I
Observed
)
n
o
s
a
e
s
/
m
m
(
n
o
i
t
a
t
i
p
i
c
e
r
P
r
e
t
n
i
W
b= 3.03**
b= - 0.92
b= - 4.57
b= - 4.57
GPCC
Observed
GPCP
Observed
b= 4.95
b= - 4.4
TRMM
Observed
b= -2.19
+
b= - 4.57
UDEL
Observed
Fig. 5 Inter-annual variability of wintertime precipitation at different zones, (a) LH (b) GH and (c) KH. Black lines depict Observed data and red lines depict
estimated values. The values of trend/slope (b; Units: mm/season) for observed and estimated values are also given in same color (Kanda et al. 2019)
H. S. Negi and N. Kanda