49
8.5 Conclusion
In this chapter, we observed strain localization and surface instabilities near inertially cavitating bubble walls during laserinduced inertial cavitation in soft hydrogels. We find that the appearance of instability patterns of cavitated bubbles in soft
hydrogels depends on the surrounding material microstructure and mechanical properties. Low concentration agarose gels
have more fluid-like behavior and cavitation bubbles tend to split into bubble clouds after a few expansion-collapse cycles,
while conversely bubbles in high concentration agarose gels behave more solid-like where surface creases form during the
first violent collapse and then gradually evolve to more spherical shapes during subsequent expansion-collapse cycles. As a
comparison, we also find that bubbles in soft polyacrylamide gels tend to remain spherical during most of the expansioncollapse cycles.
Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Timothy Bentley) under grants
N00014-18-1-2625.
References
1. Brennen, C.E.: Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2014)
2. Wan, M., Feng, Y., ter Haar, G.: Cavitation in Biomedicine. Springer, Dordrecht (2015)
3. Maxwell, A.D., Wang, T.-Y., Yuan, L., Duryea, A.P., Xu, Z., Cain, C.A.: A tissue phantom for visualization and measurement of ultrasoundinduced cavitation damage. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36, 2132–2143 (2010)
4. Mancia, L., Vlaisavljevich, E., Yousefi, N., Rodriguez, M., Ziemlewicz, T.J., Lee Jr., F.T., Henann, D., Franck, C., Xu, Z., Johnsen, E.:
Modeling tissue selective cavitation damage. Phys. Med. Biol. 64, 225001 (2019)
5. Quinto-Su, P., Dijkink, R., Prabowo, F., Gunalan, K., Preiser, P., Ohl, C.: Interaction of red blood cells with arrays of laser-induced cavitation
bubbles. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Cavitation (2009)
6. Bailey, M.R., Khokhlova, V.A., Sapozhnikov, O.A., Kargl, S.G., Crum, L.A.: Physical mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ultrasound (a
review). Acoust. Phys. 49, 369–388 (2003)
7. Ibsen, S., Schutt, C.E., Esener, S.: Microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy: a review of its potential in cancer treatment. Drug Design Dev.
Ther. 7, 375 (2013)
8. Estrada, J.B., Barajas, C., Henann, D.L., Johnsen, E., Franck, C.: High strain-rate soft material characterization via inertial cavitation. J. Mech.
Phys. Solids. 112, 291–317 (2018)
9. Yang, J., Franck, C.: Strain stiffening effects of soft viscoelastic materials in inertial microcavitation. In: Dynamic Behavior of Materials in
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, vol. 1 (2020)
10. Yang, J., Cramer III, H.C., Franck, C.: Extracting non-linear viscoelastic material properties from violently-collapsing cavitation bubbles.
Extreme Mech. Lett. 39, 100839 (2020)
11. Wilson, C.T., Hall, T.L., Johnsen, E., Mancia, L., Rodriguez, M., Lundt, J.E., Colonius, T., Henann, D.L., Franck, C., Xu, Z., Sukovich, R.:
Comparative study of the dynamics of laser and acoustically generated bubbles in viscoelastic media. Phys. Rev. E. 99, 043103 (2019)
8 Dynamic Rugae Strain Localizations and Instabilities in Soft Viscoelastic Materials During Inertial Microcavitation
8.5 Conclusion
In this chapter, we observed strain localization and surface instabilities near inertially cavitating bubble walls during laserinduced inertial cavitation in soft hydrogels. We find that the appearance of instability patterns of cavitated bubbles in soft
hydrogels depends on the surrounding material microstructure and mechanical properties. Low concentration agarose gels
have more fluid-like behavior and cavitation bubbles tend to split into bubble clouds after a few expansion-collapse cycles,
while conversely bubbles in high concentration agarose gels behave more solid-like where surface creases form during the
first violent collapse and then gradually evolve to more spherical shapes during subsequent expansion-collapse cycles. As a
comparison, we also find that bubbles in soft polyacrylamide gels tend to remain spherical during most of the expansioncollapse cycles.
Acknowledgments We gratefully acknowledge funding support from the Office of Naval Research (Dr. Timothy Bentley) under grants
N00014-18-1-2625.
References
1. Brennen, C.E.: Cavitation and Bubble Dynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2014)
2. Wan, M., Feng, Y., ter Haar, G.: Cavitation in Biomedicine. Springer, Dordrecht (2015)
3. Maxwell, A.D., Wang, T.-Y., Yuan, L., Duryea, A.P., Xu, Z., Cain, C.A.: A tissue phantom for visualization and measurement of ultrasoundinduced cavitation damage. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 36, 2132–2143 (2010)
4. Mancia, L., Vlaisavljevich, E., Yousefi, N., Rodriguez, M., Ziemlewicz, T.J., Lee Jr., F.T., Henann, D., Franck, C., Xu, Z., Johnsen, E.:
Modeling tissue selective cavitation damage. Phys. Med. Biol. 64, 225001 (2019)
5. Quinto-Su, P., Dijkink, R., Prabowo, F., Gunalan, K., Preiser, P., Ohl, C.: Interaction of red blood cells with arrays of laser-induced cavitation
bubbles. In: Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium on Cavitation (2009)
6. Bailey, M.R., Khokhlova, V.A., Sapozhnikov, O.A., Kargl, S.G., Crum, L.A.: Physical mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of ultrasound (a
review). Acoust. Phys. 49, 369–388 (2003)
7. Ibsen, S., Schutt, C.E., Esener, S.: Microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy: a review of its potential in cancer treatment. Drug Design Dev.
Ther. 7, 375 (2013)
8. Estrada, J.B., Barajas, C., Henann, D.L., Johnsen, E., Franck, C.: High strain-rate soft material characterization via inertial cavitation. J. Mech.
Phys. Solids. 112, 291–317 (2018)
9. Yang, J., Franck, C.: Strain stiffening effects of soft viscoelastic materials in inertial microcavitation. In: Dynamic Behavior of Materials in
Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, vol. 1 (2020)
10. Yang, J., Cramer III, H.C., Franck, C.: Extracting non-linear viscoelastic material properties from violently-collapsing cavitation bubbles.
Extreme Mech. Lett. 39, 100839 (2020)
11. Wilson, C.T., Hall, T.L., Johnsen, E., Mancia, L., Rodriguez, M., Lundt, J.E., Colonius, T., Henann, D.L., Franck, C., Xu, Z., Sukovich, R.:
Comparative study of the dynamics of laser and acoustically generated bubbles in viscoelastic media. Phys. Rev. E. 99, 043103 (2019)
8 Dynamic Rugae Strain Localizations and Instabilities in Soft Viscoelastic Materials During Inertial Microcavitation