614
P. Liu
Fig. 8.29 Boussinesq (1842–1929)
turbulence and hydrodynamics. It is found that the term turbulence is mostly
attributed to Boussinesq. In addition, Boussinesq also proposed the famous
Boussinesq approximation for the buoyancy-driven flow in the stratified flow
with small density difference and put forward a simple and reliable theory
to compute buoyancy. He had also made outstanding contributions in elastic
mechanics and geotechnical mechanics. As Boussinesq had contributed to
many fields of fluid mechanics, he has been mentioned in many works of fluid
mechanics. For example, there are three kinds of Boussinesq approximation,
involving shallow water waves, eddy viscosity, and buoyant flow (Fig. 8.29).
8.30 Laval (1845–1913)
Karl Gustaf Patrik De Laval (1845–1913), a Swedish engineer and inventor of
single stage impact turbine, proposed the famous Laval nozzle. The concept
of impulse turbine was put forward in 1882, and a small impulse turbine was
developed in 1887, which confirmed his idea. In 1890, the supersonic jet
was successfully realized through the first contraction and then expansion of
the pipeline. The impulse steam turbine was manufactured and the famous
Laval nozzle was put forward. Today’s rocket engines are equipped with this
kind of nozzle, and the turbine speed with this nozzle can reach more than
P. Liu
Fig. 8.29 Boussinesq (1842–1929)
turbulence and hydrodynamics. It is found that the term turbulence is mostly
attributed to Boussinesq. In addition, Boussinesq also proposed the famous
Boussinesq approximation for the buoyancy-driven flow in the stratified flow
with small density difference and put forward a simple and reliable theory
to compute buoyancy. He had also made outstanding contributions in elastic
mechanics and geotechnical mechanics. As Boussinesq had contributed to
many fields of fluid mechanics, he has been mentioned in many works of fluid
mechanics. For example, there are three kinds of Boussinesq approximation,
involving shallow water waves, eddy viscosity, and buoyant flow (Fig. 8.29).
8.30 Laval (1845–1913)
Karl Gustaf Patrik De Laval (1845–1913), a Swedish engineer and inventor of
single stage impact turbine, proposed the famous Laval nozzle. The concept
of impulse turbine was put forward in 1882, and a small impulse turbine was
developed in 1887, which confirmed his idea. In 1890, the supersonic jet
was successfully realized through the first contraction and then expansion of
the pipeline. The impulse steam turbine was manufactured and the famous
Laval nozzle was put forward. Today’s rocket engines are equipped with this
kind of nozzle, and the turbine speed with this nozzle can reach more than