Li X, Yu J, Low J, Fang Y, Xiao J, Chen X (2015) Engineering heterogeneous semiconductors for
solar water splitting. J Mater Chem A 3:2485–2534
Li X, Yu J, Jaroniec M (2016) Hierarchical photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 45:2603–2636
Li Y, Li Y-L, Sa B, Ahuja R (2017) Review of two-dimensional materials for photocatalytic water
splitting from a theoretical perspective. Catal Sci Technol 7:545–559. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C6CY02178F
Liu J, Bai H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Sun DD (2010) Self-assembling TiO 2 Nanorods on large
graphene oxide sheets at a two-phase Interface and their anti-recombination in photocatalytic
applications. Adv Funct Mater 20:4175–4181
Liu S, Sun H, Liu S, Wang S (2013a) Graphene facilitated visible light photodegradation of
methylene blue over titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Chem Eng J 214:298–303
Liu Y, Goebl J, Yin Y (2013b) Templated synthesis of nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev
42:2610–2653
Long R (2013) Understanding the electronic structures of graphene quantum dot Physisorption and
chemisorption onto the TiO 2 (110) surface: a first-principles calculation. ChemPhysChem
14:579–582
Lou XW, Wang Y, Yuan C, Lee JY, Archer LA (2006) Template-free synthesis of SnO 2 hollow
nanostructures with high lithium storage capacity. Adv Mater 18:2325–2329
Lü K, Zhao G, Wang X (2012) A brief review of graphene-based material synthesis and its
application in environmental pollution management. Chin Sci Bull 57:1223–1234
Lu D, Zhang Y, Lin S, Wang L, Wang C (2013) Synthesis of magnetic ZnFe 2 O 4 /graphene
composite and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes. J Alloys Compd
579:336–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.098
Lü W, Wu Y, Chen J, Yang Y (2014) Facile preparation of graphene–Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites for
extraction of dye from aqueous solution. CrystEngComm 16:609–615
Lubchenco J (1998) Entering the century of the environment: a new social contract for science.
Science 279:491–497
Luo Y-B, Shi Z-G, Gao Q, Feng Y-Q (2011) Magnetic retrieval of graphene: extraction of
sulfonamide antibiotics from environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1218:1353–1358
Machado BF, Serp P (2012) Graphene-based materials for catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2:54–75
Marahel F, Khan MA, Marahel E, Bayesti I, Hosseini S (2015) Kinetics, thermodynamics, and
isotherm studies for the adsorption of BR2 dye onto avocado integument. Desalin Water Treat
53:826–835
McAllister MJ, Li J-L, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, Herrera-Alonso M, Milius
DL, Car R, Prud’homme RK (2007) Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and
thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater 19:4396–4404
Meng Z-D, Zhu L, Ghosh T, Park C-Y, Ullah K, Nikam V, Oh W-C (2012) Ag 2 Se-graphene/TiO 2
nanocomposites, sonochemical synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic properties under visible
light. Bull Kor Chem Soc 33:3761–3766
Min Y, Zhang K, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhang Y (2012) Ionic liquid assisting synthesis of
ZnO/graphene heterostructure photocatalysts with tunable photoresponse properties. Diam
Relat Mater 26:32–38
Min Y, He G, Li R, Zhao W, Chen Y, Zhang Y (2013) Doping nitrogen anion enhanced
photocatalytic activity on TiO 2 hybridized with graphene composite under solar light. Sep
Purif Technol 106:97–104
Mohanty K, Das D, Biswas MN (2008) Treatment of phenolic wastewater in a novel multi-stage
external loop airlift reactor using activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 58:311–319
Mori K, Yamashita H (2010) Progress in design and architecture of metal nanoparticles for catalytic
applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:14420–14432
Muscat J, Wander A, Harrison N (2001) On the prediction of band gaps from hybrid functional
theory. Chem Phys Lett 342:397–401
Nasrin F, Serge A, Paul AC (2014) Fe doped TiO 2 –graphene nanostructures: synthesis, DFT
modeling and photocatalysis. Nanotechnology 25:1–11
30
F. Opoku et al.
solar water splitting. J Mater Chem A 3:2485–2534
Li X, Yu J, Jaroniec M (2016) Hierarchical photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 45:2603–2636
Li Y, Li Y-L, Sa B, Ahuja R (2017) Review of two-dimensional materials for photocatalytic water
splitting from a theoretical perspective. Catal Sci Technol 7:545–559. https://doi.org/10.1039/
C6CY02178F
Liu J, Bai H, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhang X, Sun DD (2010) Self-assembling TiO 2 Nanorods on large
graphene oxide sheets at a two-phase Interface and their anti-recombination in photocatalytic
applications. Adv Funct Mater 20:4175–4181
Liu S, Sun H, Liu S, Wang S (2013a) Graphene facilitated visible light photodegradation of
methylene blue over titanium dioxide photocatalysts. Chem Eng J 214:298–303
Liu Y, Goebl J, Yin Y (2013b) Templated synthesis of nanostructured materials. Chem Soc Rev
42:2610–2653
Long R (2013) Understanding the electronic structures of graphene quantum dot Physisorption and
chemisorption onto the TiO 2 (110) surface: a first-principles calculation. ChemPhysChem
14:579–582
Lou XW, Wang Y, Yuan C, Lee JY, Archer LA (2006) Template-free synthesis of SnO 2 hollow
nanostructures with high lithium storage capacity. Adv Mater 18:2325–2329
Lü K, Zhao G, Wang X (2012) A brief review of graphene-based material synthesis and its
application in environmental pollution management. Chin Sci Bull 57:1223–1234
Lu D, Zhang Y, Lin S, Wang L, Wang C (2013) Synthesis of magnetic ZnFe 2 O 4 /graphene
composite and its application in photocatalytic degradation of dyes. J Alloys Compd
579:336–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2013.06.098
Lü W, Wu Y, Chen J, Yang Y (2014) Facile preparation of graphene–Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposites for
extraction of dye from aqueous solution. CrystEngComm 16:609–615
Lubchenco J (1998) Entering the century of the environment: a new social contract for science.
Science 279:491–497
Luo Y-B, Shi Z-G, Gao Q, Feng Y-Q (2011) Magnetic retrieval of graphene: extraction of
sulfonamide antibiotics from environmental water samples. J Chromatogr A 1218:1353–1358
Machado BF, Serp P (2012) Graphene-based materials for catalysis. Catal Sci Technol 2:54–75
Marahel F, Khan MA, Marahel E, Bayesti I, Hosseini S (2015) Kinetics, thermodynamics, and
isotherm studies for the adsorption of BR2 dye onto avocado integument. Desalin Water Treat
53:826–835
McAllister MJ, Li J-L, Adamson DH, Schniepp HC, Abdala AA, Liu J, Herrera-Alonso M, Milius
DL, Car R, Prud’homme RK (2007) Single sheet functionalized graphene by oxidation and
thermal expansion of graphite. Chem Mater 19:4396–4404
Meng Z-D, Zhu L, Ghosh T, Park C-Y, Ullah K, Nikam V, Oh W-C (2012) Ag 2 Se-graphene/TiO 2
nanocomposites, sonochemical synthesis and enhanced photocatalytic properties under visible
light. Bull Kor Chem Soc 33:3761–3766
Min Y, Zhang K, Chen L, Chen Y, Zhang Y (2012) Ionic liquid assisting synthesis of
ZnO/graphene heterostructure photocatalysts with tunable photoresponse properties. Diam
Relat Mater 26:32–38
Min Y, He G, Li R, Zhao W, Chen Y, Zhang Y (2013) Doping nitrogen anion enhanced
photocatalytic activity on TiO 2 hybridized with graphene composite under solar light. Sep
Purif Technol 106:97–104
Mohanty K, Das D, Biswas MN (2008) Treatment of phenolic wastewater in a novel multi-stage
external loop airlift reactor using activated carbon. Sep Purif Technol 58:311–319
Mori K, Yamashita H (2010) Progress in design and architecture of metal nanoparticles for catalytic
applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 12:14420–14432
Muscat J, Wander A, Harrison N (2001) On the prediction of band gaps from hybrid functional
theory. Chem Phys Lett 342:397–401
Nasrin F, Serge A, Paul AC (2014) Fe doped TiO 2 –graphene nanostructures: synthesis, DFT
modeling and photocatalysis. Nanotechnology 25:1–11
30
F. Opoku et al.