Khalid N, Hong Z, Ahmed E, Zhang Y, Chan H, Ahmad M (2012a) Synergistic effects of Fe and
graphene on photocatalytic activity enhancement of TiO 2 under visible light. Appl Surf Sci
258:5827–5834
Khalid NR, Ahmed E, Hong Z, Ahmad M (2012b) Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of
visible light responsive La/TiO 2 -graphene composites. Appl Surf Sci 263:254–259. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.09.039
Khalid N, Ahmed E, Hong Z, Sana L, Ahmed M (2013a) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of
graphene–TiO 2 composite under visible light irradiation. Curr Appl Phys 13:659–663. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012.11.003
Khalid N, Ahmed E, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Ullah M, Ahmed M (2013b) Graphene modified Nd/TiO 2
photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation under visible light irradiation. Ceram Int
39:3569–3575
Kim CH, Kim B-H, Yang KS (2012) TiO 2 nanoparticles loaded on graphene/carbon composite
nanofibers by electrospinning for increased photocatalysis. Carbon 50:2472–2481
Kohn W, Sham LJ (1965) Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects.
Phys Rev 140:A1133–A1138
Kuzmenko A, Van Heumen E, Carbone F, Van Der Marel D (2008) Universal optical conductance
of graphite. Phys Rev Lett 100:117401
Lee Y-C, Yang J-W (2012) Self-assembled flower-like TiO 2 on exfoliated graphite oxide for heavy
metal removal. J Ind Eng Chem 18:1178–1185
Lei Z, Ghosh T, Chong-Yeon P, Ze-Da M, Won-Chun O (2012) Enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by graphene-TiO 2 composites synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted
method. Chin J Catal 33:1276–1283
Lejaeghere K, Bihlmayer G, Björkman T, Blaha P, Blügel S, Blum V, Caliste D, Castelli IE, Clark
SJ, Dal Corso A, de Gironcoli S, Deutsch T, Dewhurst JK, Di Marco I, Draxl C, Dułak M,
Eriksson O, Flores-Livas JA, Garrity KF, Genovese L, Giannozzi P, Giantomassi M,
Goedecker S, Gonze X, Grånäs O, Gross EKU, Gulans A, Gygi F, Hamann DR, Hasnip PJ,
Holzwarth NAW, Iuşan D, Jochym DB, Jollet F, Jones D, Kresse G, Koepernik K,
Küçükbenli E, Kvashnin YO, Locht ILM, Lubeck S, Marsman M, Marzari N, Nitzsche U,
Nordström L, Ozaki T, Paulatto L, Pickard CJ, Poelmans W, Probert MIJ, Refson K, Richter M,
Rignanese G-M, Saha S, Scheffler M, Schlipf M, Schwarz K, Sharma S, Tavazza F,
Thunström P, Tkatchenko A, Torrent M, Vanderbilt D, van Setten MJ, Van Speybroeck V,
Wills JM, Yates JR, Zhang G-X, Cottenier S (2016) Reproducibility in density functional theory
calculations of solids. Science 351:1–7
Li B, Cao H (2011) ZnO@graphene composite with enhanced performance for the removal of dye
from water. J Mater Chem 21:3346–3349
Li D, Müller MB, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG (2008) Processable aqueous dispersions of
graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol 3:101–105
Li N, Zheng M, Chang X, Ji G, Lu H, Xue L, Pan L, Cao J (2011a) Preparation of magnetic
CoFe 2 O 4 -functionalized graphene sheets via a facile hydrothermal method and their adsorption
properties. J Solid State Chem 184:953–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.01.014
Li Y, Zhang P, Du Q, Peng X, Liu T, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhang W, Wang K, Zhu H (2011b)
Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by graphene. J Colloid Interface Sci 363:348–354
Li K, Chen T, Yan L, Dai Y, Huang Z, Guo H, Jiang L, Gao X, Xiong J, Song D (2012) Synthesis of
mesoporous graphene and tourmaline co-doped titania composites and their photocatalytic
activity towards organic pollutant degradation and eutrophic water treatment. Catal Commun
28:196–201
Li K, Chen T, Yan L, Dai Y, Huang Z, Xiong J, Song D, Lv Y, Zeng Z (2013a) Design of graphene
and silica co-doped titania composites with ordered mesostructure and their simulated sunlight
photocatalytic performance towards atrazine degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng
Asp 422:90–99
Li X, Gao H, Liu G (2013b) A LDA + U study of the hybrid graphene/anatase TiO 2
nanocomposites: interfacial properties and visible light response. Comput Theor Chem
1025:30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2013.10.006
1 Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment Using Graphene. . .
29
graphene on photocatalytic activity enhancement of TiO 2 under visible light. Appl Surf Sci
258:5827–5834
Khalid NR, Ahmed E, Hong Z, Ahmad M (2012b) Synthesis and photocatalytic properties of
visible light responsive La/TiO 2 -graphene composites. Appl Surf Sci 263:254–259. https://doi.
org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.09.039
Khalid N, Ahmed E, Hong Z, Sana L, Ahmed M (2013a) Enhanced photocatalytic activity of
graphene–TiO 2 composite under visible light irradiation. Curr Appl Phys 13:659–663. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.cap.2012.11.003
Khalid N, Ahmed E, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Ullah M, Ahmed M (2013b) Graphene modified Nd/TiO 2
photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation under visible light irradiation. Ceram Int
39:3569–3575
Kim CH, Kim B-H, Yang KS (2012) TiO 2 nanoparticles loaded on graphene/carbon composite
nanofibers by electrospinning for increased photocatalysis. Carbon 50:2472–2481
Kohn W, Sham LJ (1965) Self-consistent equations including exchange and correlation effects.
Phys Rev 140:A1133–A1138
Kuzmenko A, Van Heumen E, Carbone F, Van Der Marel D (2008) Universal optical conductance
of graphite. Phys Rev Lett 100:117401
Lee Y-C, Yang J-W (2012) Self-assembled flower-like TiO 2 on exfoliated graphite oxide for heavy
metal removal. J Ind Eng Chem 18:1178–1185
Lei Z, Ghosh T, Chong-Yeon P, Ze-Da M, Won-Chun O (2012) Enhanced sonocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by graphene-TiO 2 composites synthesized by an ultrasonic-assisted
method. Chin J Catal 33:1276–1283
Lejaeghere K, Bihlmayer G, Björkman T, Blaha P, Blügel S, Blum V, Caliste D, Castelli IE, Clark
SJ, Dal Corso A, de Gironcoli S, Deutsch T, Dewhurst JK, Di Marco I, Draxl C, Dułak M,
Eriksson O, Flores-Livas JA, Garrity KF, Genovese L, Giannozzi P, Giantomassi M,
Goedecker S, Gonze X, Grånäs O, Gross EKU, Gulans A, Gygi F, Hamann DR, Hasnip PJ,
Holzwarth NAW, Iuşan D, Jochym DB, Jollet F, Jones D, Kresse G, Koepernik K,
Küçükbenli E, Kvashnin YO, Locht ILM, Lubeck S, Marsman M, Marzari N, Nitzsche U,
Nordström L, Ozaki T, Paulatto L, Pickard CJ, Poelmans W, Probert MIJ, Refson K, Richter M,
Rignanese G-M, Saha S, Scheffler M, Schlipf M, Schwarz K, Sharma S, Tavazza F,
Thunström P, Tkatchenko A, Torrent M, Vanderbilt D, van Setten MJ, Van Speybroeck V,
Wills JM, Yates JR, Zhang G-X, Cottenier S (2016) Reproducibility in density functional theory
calculations of solids. Science 351:1–7
Li B, Cao H (2011) ZnO@graphene composite with enhanced performance for the removal of dye
from water. J Mater Chem 21:3346–3349
Li D, Müller MB, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG (2008) Processable aqueous dispersions of
graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol 3:101–105
Li N, Zheng M, Chang X, Ji G, Lu H, Xue L, Pan L, Cao J (2011a) Preparation of magnetic
CoFe 2 O 4 -functionalized graphene sheets via a facile hydrothermal method and their adsorption
properties. J Solid State Chem 184:953–958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2011.01.014
Li Y, Zhang P, Du Q, Peng X, Liu T, Wang Z, Xia Y, Zhang W, Wang K, Zhu H (2011b)
Adsorption of fluoride from aqueous solution by graphene. J Colloid Interface Sci 363:348–354
Li K, Chen T, Yan L, Dai Y, Huang Z, Guo H, Jiang L, Gao X, Xiong J, Song D (2012) Synthesis of
mesoporous graphene and tourmaline co-doped titania composites and their photocatalytic
activity towards organic pollutant degradation and eutrophic water treatment. Catal Commun
28:196–201
Li K, Chen T, Yan L, Dai Y, Huang Z, Xiong J, Song D, Lv Y, Zeng Z (2013a) Design of graphene
and silica co-doped titania composites with ordered mesostructure and their simulated sunlight
photocatalytic performance towards atrazine degradation. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng
Asp 422:90–99
Li X, Gao H, Liu G (2013b) A LDA + U study of the hybrid graphene/anatase TiO 2
nanocomposites: interfacial properties and visible light response. Comput Theor Chem
1025:30–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comptc.2013.10.006
1 Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment Using Graphene. . .
29