Neppolian B, Bruno A, Bianchi CL, Ashokkumar M (2012) Graphene oxide based Pt–TiO 2
photocatalyst: ultrasound assisted synthesis, characterization and catalytic efficiency. Ultrason
Sonochem 19:9–15
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA
(2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669
Osgood R (2006) Photoreaction dynamics of molecular adsorbates on semiconductor and oxide
surfaces. Chem Rev 106:4379–4401
Pan X, Zhao Y, Liu S, Korzeniewski CL, Wang S, Fan Z (2012) Comparing graphene-TiO 2
nanowire and graphene-TiO 2 nanoparticle composite photocatalysts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:3944–3950
Park S, An J, Jung I, Piner RD, An SJ, Li X, Velamakanni A, Ruoff RS (2009) Colloidal
suspensions of highly reduced graphene oxide in a wide variety of organic solvents. Nano
Lett 9:1593–1597
Pasternak S, Paz Y (2013) On the similarity and dissimilarity between photocatalytic water splitting
and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. ChemPhysChem 14:2059–2070
Pengtao X, Qing T, Zhen Z (2013) Structural and electronic properties of graphene–ZnO interfaces:
dispersion-corrected density functional theory investigations. Nanotechnology 24:1–7
Perdew JP (1986) Density-functional approximation for the correlation energy of the inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys Rev B 33:8822–8824
Qi L, Cheng B, Yu J, Ho W (2016) High-surface area mesoporous Pt/TiO 2 hollow chains for
efficient formaldehyde decomposition at ambient temperature. J Hazard Mater 301:522–530
Qu Y, Duan X (2013) Progress, challenge and perspective of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem
Soc Rev 42:2568–2580
Qu J, Fan M (2010) The current state of water quality and technology development for water
pollution control in China. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 40:519–560
Qu X, Alvarez PJ, Li Q (2013) Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment.
Water Res 47:3931–3946
Rahman MA (2015) A review on semiconductors including applications and temperature effects in
semiconductors. Am Sci Res J Eng Technol Sci 7:50–70
Ramesha G, Kumara AV, Muralidhara H, Sampath S (2011) Graphene and graphene oxide as
effective adsorbents toward anionic and cationic dyes. J Colloid Interface Sci 361:270–277
Rao C, Biswas K, Subrahmanyam K, Govindaraj A (2009) Graphene, the new nanocarbon. J Mater
Chem 19:2457–2469
Ray S, Takafuji M, Ihara H (2013) Peptide-based surface modified silica particles: adsorption
materials for dye-loaded wastewater treatment. RSC Adv 3:23664–23672
Ren Y, Yan N, Wen Q, Fan Z, Wei T, Zhang M, Ma J (2011) Graphene/δ-MnO 2 composite as
adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions from wastewater. Chem Eng J 175:1–7
Ren Y, Yan N, Feng J, Ma J, Wen Q, Li N, Dong Q (2012) Adsorption mechanism of copper and
lead ions onto graphene nanosheet/δ-MnO 2 . Mater Chem Phys 136:538–544
Ren F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yao W (2016) A graphene-coupled Bi 2 WO 6 nanocomposite with
enhanced photocatalytic performance: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys
18:14113–14121. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP00458J
Saravanakumar B, Mohan R, Kim S-J (2013) Facile synthesis of graphene/ZnO nanocomposites by
low temperature hydrothermal method. Mater Res Bull 48:878–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
materresbull.2012.11.048
Sato N (1998) Electrochemistry at metal and semiconductor electrodes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp
1–397
Schedin F, Geim A, Morozov S, Hill E, Blake P, Katsnelson M, Novoselov K (2007) Detection of
individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nat Mater 6:652–655
Schneider J, Matsuoka M, Takeuchi M, Zhang J, Horiuchi Y, Anpo M, Bahnemann DW (2014)
Understanding TiO 2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials. Chem Rev 114:9919–9986
Seema H, Kemp KC, Chandra V, Kim KS (2012) Graphene–SnO 2 composites for highly efficient
photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight. Nanotechnology 23:1–8
1 Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment Using Graphene. . .
31
photocatalyst: ultrasound assisted synthesis, characterization and catalytic efficiency. Ultrason
Sonochem 19:9–15
Novoselov KS, Geim AK, Morozov SV, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonos SV, Grigorieva IV, Firsov AA
(2004) Electric field effect in atomically thin carbon films. Science 306:666–669
Osgood R (2006) Photoreaction dynamics of molecular adsorbates on semiconductor and oxide
surfaces. Chem Rev 106:4379–4401
Pan X, Zhao Y, Liu S, Korzeniewski CL, Wang S, Fan Z (2012) Comparing graphene-TiO 2
nanowire and graphene-TiO 2 nanoparticle composite photocatalysts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4:3944–3950
Park S, An J, Jung I, Piner RD, An SJ, Li X, Velamakanni A, Ruoff RS (2009) Colloidal
suspensions of highly reduced graphene oxide in a wide variety of organic solvents. Nano
Lett 9:1593–1597
Pasternak S, Paz Y (2013) On the similarity and dissimilarity between photocatalytic water splitting
and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. ChemPhysChem 14:2059–2070
Pengtao X, Qing T, Zhen Z (2013) Structural and electronic properties of graphene–ZnO interfaces:
dispersion-corrected density functional theory investigations. Nanotechnology 24:1–7
Perdew JP (1986) Density-functional approximation for the correlation energy of the inhomogeneous electron gas. Phys Rev B 33:8822–8824
Qi L, Cheng B, Yu J, Ho W (2016) High-surface area mesoporous Pt/TiO 2 hollow chains for
efficient formaldehyde decomposition at ambient temperature. J Hazard Mater 301:522–530
Qu Y, Duan X (2013) Progress, challenge and perspective of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem
Soc Rev 42:2568–2580
Qu J, Fan M (2010) The current state of water quality and technology development for water
pollution control in China. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 40:519–560
Qu X, Alvarez PJ, Li Q (2013) Applications of nanotechnology in water and wastewater treatment.
Water Res 47:3931–3946
Rahman MA (2015) A review on semiconductors including applications and temperature effects in
semiconductors. Am Sci Res J Eng Technol Sci 7:50–70
Ramesha G, Kumara AV, Muralidhara H, Sampath S (2011) Graphene and graphene oxide as
effective adsorbents toward anionic and cationic dyes. J Colloid Interface Sci 361:270–277
Rao C, Biswas K, Subrahmanyam K, Govindaraj A (2009) Graphene, the new nanocarbon. J Mater
Chem 19:2457–2469
Ray S, Takafuji M, Ihara H (2013) Peptide-based surface modified silica particles: adsorption
materials for dye-loaded wastewater treatment. RSC Adv 3:23664–23672
Ren Y, Yan N, Wen Q, Fan Z, Wei T, Zhang M, Ma J (2011) Graphene/δ-MnO 2 composite as
adsorbent for the removal of nickel ions from wastewater. Chem Eng J 175:1–7
Ren Y, Yan N, Feng J, Ma J, Wen Q, Li N, Dong Q (2012) Adsorption mechanism of copper and
lead ions onto graphene nanosheet/δ-MnO 2 . Mater Chem Phys 136:538–544
Ren F, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yao W (2016) A graphene-coupled Bi 2 WO 6 nanocomposite with
enhanced photocatalytic performance: a first-principles study. Phys Chem Chem Phys
18:14113–14121. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CP00458J
Saravanakumar B, Mohan R, Kim S-J (2013) Facile synthesis of graphene/ZnO nanocomposites by
low temperature hydrothermal method. Mater Res Bull 48:878–883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
materresbull.2012.11.048
Sato N (1998) Electrochemistry at metal and semiconductor electrodes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp
1–397
Schedin F, Geim A, Morozov S, Hill E, Blake P, Katsnelson M, Novoselov K (2007) Detection of
individual gas molecules adsorbed on graphene. Nat Mater 6:652–655
Schneider J, Matsuoka M, Takeuchi M, Zhang J, Horiuchi Y, Anpo M, Bahnemann DW (2014)
Understanding TiO 2 photocatalysis: mechanisms and materials. Chem Rev 114:9919–9986
Seema H, Kemp KC, Chandra V, Kim KS (2012) Graphene–SnO 2 composites for highly efficient
photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight. Nanotechnology 23:1–8
1 Nanotechnology for Water and Wastewater Treatment Using Graphene. . .
31