2 Implementation of EU Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) …
47
The identification and the delimitation of groundwater bodies were done based on
the following criteria: geologic; hydrodynamic; the qualitative and quantitative status
of the bodies of water. The delimitation of groundwater bodies was done only for the
areas where there are significant aquifers for water supplies: exploitable discharges
>10 m
3 /day. Were delimited 129 groundwater bodies, of which 19 are transboundary.
Twenty bodies of water are at risk due to historical sources represented by agrozootechnical units or complexes that have ceased or reduced their activity, but also
due to the current sources usually situated in the vulnerable areas [54, 98].
The wetlands and the deep waters within the mountainous units of the Carpathians
have suffered small transformations compared to those situated in the lower sectors
of the Romanian landforms. The drainages and agricultural re-usage of wetlands took
place only in the large depressions, where the soil allowed the cultivation of plants
necessary to the local productions. In the high sectors, some wetlands disappeared due
to natural evolution, while the hydrotechnical works created other surfaces, adding
to the current ones.
Nationwide, the morphometrical characteristics and the climatic conditions
allowed the installation of a great variety of wetlands and their preservation was
supported by conditions improper for drainages or by low habitation density. The
most important argument in the preservation and rehabilitation of wetlands is represented by the role played by them: regulating the hydrological cycle, increasing
biodiversity, reducing soil erosion, improving the microclimate, mitigating the floods,
ensuring the natural life conditions for numerous species of plants and animals, a
tourist destination for recreation, etc. [76–78].
The hydroclimatic events within the past years bring back into the discussion
the preservation and the reconstruction of the former wetlands within the riparian
sectors of the main hydrographical arteries that cause important damages during
overflows. The drainage of wetlands was not specific only to rich countries. The
listing of wetlands represents only a temporary phase of evaluation. The natural
transformations are very quick and often radical. In order to highlight the evolutionary
trends of humid environments, listings must be repeated at certain time intervals [51,
76, 77, 101].
The terrestrial, aquatic and aerial compartments constitute a global system, while
the intervention on one of the elements has repercussions on the functionality of the
others. The systemic analysis, most of the interactions between the elements of a
system and the study of changes within systems, becomes the strong point of current
scientific research, known as global or holistic research. This is the foundation for
another management policy, more capable of understanding conflicts and thus more
capable of solving them in terms of sustainable land development. The global view
has the advantage of highlighting the role of the interfaces between the compartments
of the systems or between the systems, a role often neglected due to the theme gaps. In
this case, the issue of water is symptomatic: is it possible to monitor the functionality
of an aquatic system and to guarantee water resources without intervening in soil
processing by developing the hydrographical basin? The analysis of the “earth-water”
system functioning outlines that the transfers are regulated through the existing areas
47
The identification and the delimitation of groundwater bodies were done based on
the following criteria: geologic; hydrodynamic; the qualitative and quantitative status
of the bodies of water. The delimitation of groundwater bodies was done only for the
areas where there are significant aquifers for water supplies: exploitable discharges
>10 m
3 /day. Were delimited 129 groundwater bodies, of which 19 are transboundary.
Twenty bodies of water are at risk due to historical sources represented by agrozootechnical units or complexes that have ceased or reduced their activity, but also
due to the current sources usually situated in the vulnerable areas [54, 98].
The wetlands and the deep waters within the mountainous units of the Carpathians
have suffered small transformations compared to those situated in the lower sectors
of the Romanian landforms. The drainages and agricultural re-usage of wetlands took
place only in the large depressions, where the soil allowed the cultivation of plants
necessary to the local productions. In the high sectors, some wetlands disappeared due
to natural evolution, while the hydrotechnical works created other surfaces, adding
to the current ones.
Nationwide, the morphometrical characteristics and the climatic conditions
allowed the installation of a great variety of wetlands and their preservation was
supported by conditions improper for drainages or by low habitation density. The
most important argument in the preservation and rehabilitation of wetlands is represented by the role played by them: regulating the hydrological cycle, increasing
biodiversity, reducing soil erosion, improving the microclimate, mitigating the floods,
ensuring the natural life conditions for numerous species of plants and animals, a
tourist destination for recreation, etc. [76–78].
The hydroclimatic events within the past years bring back into the discussion
the preservation and the reconstruction of the former wetlands within the riparian
sectors of the main hydrographical arteries that cause important damages during
overflows. The drainage of wetlands was not specific only to rich countries. The
listing of wetlands represents only a temporary phase of evaluation. The natural
transformations are very quick and often radical. In order to highlight the evolutionary
trends of humid environments, listings must be repeated at certain time intervals [51,
76, 77, 101].
The terrestrial, aquatic and aerial compartments constitute a global system, while
the intervention on one of the elements has repercussions on the functionality of the
others. The systemic analysis, most of the interactions between the elements of a
system and the study of changes within systems, becomes the strong point of current
scientific research, known as global or holistic research. This is the foundation for
another management policy, more capable of understanding conflicts and thus more
capable of solving them in terms of sustainable land development. The global view
has the advantage of highlighting the role of the interfaces between the compartments
of the systems or between the systems, a role often neglected due to the theme gaps. In
this case, the issue of water is symptomatic: is it possible to monitor the functionality
of an aquatic system and to guarantee water resources without intervening in soil
processing by developing the hydrographical basin? The analysis of the “earth-water”
system functioning outlines that the transfers are regulated through the existing areas