16 Water Resources from Apuseni Mountains …
555
Mountains, on central platoon of Muntele Mare, G˘ aina Massif and in the centralsouthern platoon of Zarand ridge. Isolated on smaller areas intrusive rocks can be
found in the north-western branch of Codru-Moma Mountains, in the Eastern side
of Muntele Mare and in the South part of Trasc˘ au Mountains, etc.
Starting from these considerations, the main waterbodies identified in the Apuseni
Mountains can be described in the following manner:
– ROSO04 underground water body—Bihor—Vl˘ adeasa Mountains is defined by
a strong fragmentation of the Tribsic-Cretaceous carbonate deposits (limestone
and dolomite), which have important water resources. Their discharge is done
through karstic springs, with variable flows ranging from 0.04 to 550 l/s. From a
hydrochemical point of view, the body’s water is calcium and/or magnesium bicarbonate, having a slightly basic pH (7.15–7.86) and total mineralization oscillating
between 125 and 529.7 mg/l [85, 87];
– the underground water body ROMU06—Br˘ ades , ti—Trasc˘ au Mountains has a
mixed (phreatic + deep) layout, being located in Triasic-Jurasic age limestone
deposits, which have an intense fragmentation, hydrogeologically reflected in a
large number of karstic systems. The discharge of bicarbonate-calcium water to
the surface is made through springs with flow rates between 0.2 and 234 l/s [86];
– underground water body ROMU09—Poieni—Metaliferi Mountains is characterized by Paleozoic crystalline limestone that generated mixed aquifers, that are
eeding usually by rainfalls. From a chemical point of view, they are sodium bicarbonate water with discharge flow rates ranging from 0.1 to 322.5 l/s [86];
– the groundwater body ROMU10—Abrud—Metaliferi Mountains is of mixed type,
accumulated in the Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits (limestone, sandstone, conglomerate, marlin, clayey shale) and is characterized by an effective infiltration between
220.5 and 315 mm/year [86];
– the ROCR02 Zece Hotare, P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains are formed in Triasic, Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits, represented by limestone and dolomites,
intensely fractured and carstified. Local subterranean aquifers are fed both from
precipitations and from surface waters, while the infiltration paths are represented
by heavily fractured and cracked areas. Analysis of water chemistry has led to a
classification of calcium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate [85];
– the underground water body ROCR03 Dumbr˘ avit , a de Codru—Moneasa, Codru
Moma Mountains of karst-fisural type, corresponds to the Triasic-Cretaceous limestone and dolomites without covering layers. The flows of the springs are between
0.7 and 123 l/s, and the chemical classification shows the calcium-magnesian or
calcic-sodium bicarbonate types [85];
– the underground water body ROCR04 Cl˘ aptescu, Codru-Moma Mountains is
marked by intense underground water circulation, with springs discharges ranging
from 0.01 to 80 l/s. The aquifer’s feed is predominantly made from precipitation
and subordinated from the sinking waters found on the non-karst slopes near
Cl˘ aptescu area and infiltrated underground at the entrance to the carst. The discharge of the aquifer is done through springs as well as by feeding the phreatic
layer from the Cri¸ sul Negru riverbed [85];
555
Mountains, on central platoon of Muntele Mare, G˘ aina Massif and in the centralsouthern platoon of Zarand ridge. Isolated on smaller areas intrusive rocks can be
found in the north-western branch of Codru-Moma Mountains, in the Eastern side
of Muntele Mare and in the South part of Trasc˘ au Mountains, etc.
Starting from these considerations, the main waterbodies identified in the Apuseni
Mountains can be described in the following manner:
– ROSO04 underground water body—Bihor—Vl˘ adeasa Mountains is defined by
a strong fragmentation of the Tribsic-Cretaceous carbonate deposits (limestone
and dolomite), which have important water resources. Their discharge is done
through karstic springs, with variable flows ranging from 0.04 to 550 l/s. From a
hydrochemical point of view, the body’s water is calcium and/or magnesium bicarbonate, having a slightly basic pH (7.15–7.86) and total mineralization oscillating
between 125 and 529.7 mg/l [85, 87];
– the underground water body ROMU06—Br˘ ades , ti—Trasc˘ au Mountains has a
mixed (phreatic + deep) layout, being located in Triasic-Jurasic age limestone
deposits, which have an intense fragmentation, hydrogeologically reflected in a
large number of karstic systems. The discharge of bicarbonate-calcium water to
the surface is made through springs with flow rates between 0.2 and 234 l/s [86];
– underground water body ROMU09—Poieni—Metaliferi Mountains is characterized by Paleozoic crystalline limestone that generated mixed aquifers, that are
eeding usually by rainfalls. From a chemical point of view, they are sodium bicarbonate water with discharge flow rates ranging from 0.1 to 322.5 l/s [86];
– the groundwater body ROMU10—Abrud—Metaliferi Mountains is of mixed type,
accumulated in the Jurassic-Cretaceous deposits (limestone, sandstone, conglomerate, marlin, clayey shale) and is characterized by an effective infiltration between
220.5 and 315 mm/year [86];
– the ROCR02 Zece Hotare, P˘ adurea Craiului Mountains are formed in Triasic, Jurassic and Cretaceous deposits, represented by limestone and dolomites,
intensely fractured and carstified. Local subterranean aquifers are fed both from
precipitations and from surface waters, while the infiltration paths are represented
by heavily fractured and cracked areas. Analysis of water chemistry has led to a
classification of calcium bicarbonate or sodium bicarbonate [85];
– the underground water body ROCR03 Dumbr˘ avit , a de Codru—Moneasa, Codru
Moma Mountains of karst-fisural type, corresponds to the Triasic-Cretaceous limestone and dolomites without covering layers. The flows of the springs are between
0.7 and 123 l/s, and the chemical classification shows the calcium-magnesian or
calcic-sodium bicarbonate types [85];
– the underground water body ROCR04 Cl˘ aptescu, Codru-Moma Mountains is
marked by intense underground water circulation, with springs discharges ranging
from 0.01 to 80 l/s. The aquifer’s feed is predominantly made from precipitation
and subordinated from the sinking waters found on the non-karst slopes near
Cl˘ aptescu area and infiltrated underground at the entrance to the carst. The discharge of the aquifer is done through springs as well as by feeding the phreatic
layer from the Cri¸ sul Negru riverbed [85];